BBP 10102:

TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT
DALAM PENDIDIKAN
DR AZITA BINTI ALI
FACULTY OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
UTHM
What is technology?

• Technology involves the design and

production of innovative and creative
products to meet the needs and wants of
others.
What is information technology?
• is all about using information as a
commodity or resource, just like any
other job.
• The information that is being translated,
disseminated, stored, transmitted, etc. is
usually in the forms of audio, video,
textual and numerical information and is
processed through the use of
microelectronics and computers.
Takrifan Teknologi Maklumat

Behan & Holmes Teknologi Maklumat adalah suatu istilah untuk

memperihalkan teknologi yang membolehkan kita untuk
merekod, menyimpan, memproses, mendapat semula,
menghantar dan menerima maklumat
E.W. Martin et al., Teknologi maklumat terdiri dari semua bentuk teknologi yang
terlibat dalam pengumpulan , manipulasi, komunikasi,
persembahan dan menggunakan data (data yang
ditransformasikan kepada maklumat)
Senn Teknologi maklumat mengandungi tiga komponen iaitu
komputer, komunikasi dan tahu-guna.
Teknologi Maklumat

“Satu proses pengaliran, penyebaran,

pemprosesan dan penyimpanan maklumat
menggunakan perantaraan teknologi”
A World of Computers

• Computers are everywhere

Pages 4 - 5 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 6

Figure 1-1
What Is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic device, operating

under the control of instructions stored in its own
memory

Collects Produces
data Processing information
(input) (output)

Information Processing Cycle

Page 6 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 7

Data and Information

Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed

and organized to produce meaningful information, such as the
total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales revenue from
dish detergent for a specific store or sales territory.
Figure 2.3: Example of transforming data into information
Types of data
What Is a Computer?

Page 6 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 10

Figure 1-2
The Components of a Computer

• A computer contains many electric, electronic, and

mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device • Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Output Device • Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that

System Unit are used to process data

• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage

Storage Device media

Communications • Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and

Device information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Pages 6 - 8 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 11

The Components of a Computer

Page 7 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 12

Figure 1-3
Generasi Pertama (1951-1958)

• Penggunaan tiub
vakum
• Input guna kad tebuk
• Data disimpan
menggunakan storan
luaran
 Generasi Kedua (1959-1963)

• Transistor
• Pita magnetik dan cakera
• Bahasa FORTRAN dan COBOL
Generasi Ketiga (1964-1979)

• Litar bersepadu
• Ingatan MOS
• Bahasa BASIC
Generasi Keempat

• Cip Mikroprosesor-litar
ingatan, logik dan kawalan
• Komputer peribadi-APPLE
(1984) dan IBM (1981)
• MS-DOS
• Bahasa VISUAL Basic dan
C++
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Using Computers
Advantages of Disadvantages of
Using Computers Using Computers

Speed Health Risks

Reliability Violation of Privacy

Consistency Public Safety

Storage Impact on Labor Force

Communications Impact on Environment

Pages 9 - 10 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 17

Fungsi Teknologi Maklumat (senn, 1998)

• Pengumpulan- mengumpul rekod aktiviti yang boleh

digunakan kemudian
• Pemprosesan- proses menukar, menganalisis, pengiraan
dan sintesis semua data atau maklumat
• Penjanaan-menyusun maklumat kepada bentuk berguna
sama adasebagai teks, audio dan imej
• Penyimpanan-proses komputer menyimpan data dan
maklumat untuk digunakan kemudian
• Dapatan semula-dapatan semula
• Penghantaran-penghantaran
Networks and the Internet

• A network is a
collection of computers
and devices connected
together, often
wirelessly, via
communications
devices and
transmission media

Pages 10 - 11 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 19

Figure 1-6
Networks and the Internet

• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that

connects millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals

Page 11 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 20

Figure 1-7
Networks and the Internet

• People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:

Communicate Research and Shop Bank and Invest Online Trading

Access Information

Entertainment Download Videos Share Information Web Application

Pages 12 - 13 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 21

Figure 1-8
Networks and the Internet

• A social networking Web site encourages

members to share their interests, ideas, stories,
photos, music, and videos with other registered
users

Page 14 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 22

Figure 1-9
Computer Software

• Software, also called a program, tells the

computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
System Software
• Operating system
• Utility program

Application Software

Pages 15 - 16 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 23

Figures 1-10 - 1-11
Computer Software

• Installing is the process of setting up software to

work with the computer, printer, and other
hardware

Pages 16 - 17 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 24

Figure 1-12
Computer Software

• A programmer develops
software or writes the
instructions that direct
the computer to
process data into
information

Page 18 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 25

Figure 1-13
Categories of Computers
Personal computers

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Game consoles

Servers

Mainframes

Supercomputers

Embedded computers

Page 19 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 26

Personal Computers

• A personal computer can perform all of its input,

processing, output, and storage activities by itself
• Two popular architectures are the PC and the
Apple
– Desktop computer

Pages 19 - 20 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 27

Figures 1-15 - 1-16
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Mobile Mobile
Computer Device
Personal computer you Computing device small
can carry from place to enough to hold in your
place hand

Examples include smart

Examples include
phones and PDAs, e-
notebook computers,
book readers, handheld
laptop computers,
computers, portable
netbooks, ultra-thins,
media players, and
and Tablet PCs
digital cameras

Pages 20 - 23 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 28

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Notebook computer

Tablet PC

Smart phones and PDAs

E-book reader

Pages 20 - 22 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 29

Figures 1-17 – 1-20
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Handheld computer

Portable media player

Digital camera

Pages 22 - 23 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 30

Figures 1-21 – 1-23
Pengelasan Komputer

terbenam PDA
komputer

Komputer mikro komputer desktop

komputer mini stesen kerja

kerangka utama

komputer super
Mengandungi RAM, ROM, CPU, Input, Output dan Clock
Juga dikenali sebagai micro controller kerana ia digunakan
untuk mengawal sesuatu pekerjaan sahaja.

Contoh alatan:
Televisyen
Telefon
Kamera
Mesin basuh
Ketuhar gelombang micro
Kereta
Komputer yang berkelajuan tinggi dan
mahal.

Digunakan oleh kebanyakan universiti

untuk tujuan projek penyelidikan, atau
syarikat farmaseutikal untuk
penyelidikan perubatan, penyelidikan
dadah atau tentera untuk penyelidikan
senjata.
Mampu menyokong sehingga ribuan
pengguna dalam satu masa yang
sama

Saiznya lebih kecil dan kurang

keupayaan berbanding Komputer
Super.

Digunakan terutamanya di bank-bank,

syarikat-syarikat besar dan di pusat-
pusat pengajian tinggi.

Kerangka Utama lebih berkemampuan

menyokong lebih pemprosesan atau
perlaksanaan program secara
serentak.
Saiz yang lebih kecil berbanding
Kerangka Utama tetapi
mempunyai keupayaan yang
hampir sama dengan Kerangka
Utama cuma dalam skala yang
lebih kecil.

Mampu menyokong antara 4-

200 pengguna yang berkongsi
terminal dalam satu masa.

Komputer Mini berkeupayaan

untuk beroperasi lebih pantas
daripada Komputer Mikro serta
ia juga mempunyai ruang storan
yang lebih besar.
Komputer untuk kegunaan
peribadi.

Semakin canggih, berkuasa

tinggi dengan harga yang
mampu dimiliki oleh hampir
kebanyakan orang.

Kegunaan rumah, pejabat dan

juga untuk tujuan pengajaran
dan pembelajaran.
 Bersaiz sebesar tapak tangan
 Berfungsi seperti sebuah laptop
 Papan kekunci kecil atau penggunaan skrin sesentuh dan kayu ria
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
adalah komputer tangan yang
menggunakan flash memory
sebagai pengganti media
penyimpanan.

PDA tidak memiliki papan kekunci,

namun menggunakan teknologi
layar sentuh (touchscreen) sebagai
media input.

PDA mempunyai ukuran yang

sangat kecil, sedikit di atas ukuran
telefon bimbit dan dapat dengan
mudah dibawa ke mana-mana.
Workstation sebenarnya
adalah komputer desktop
yang memiliki kelebihan
utama dalam hal
kemampuan prosesor,
memory yang besar, dan
kemampuannya dalam
menjalankan aplikasi-aplikasi
yang memerlukan performa
tinggi, seperti aplikasi 3
dimensi, grafik, multimedia
dan lain sebagainya.
 Perkembangan Dunia Komputer

Skrin sesentuh (Touch Screen)

menggantikan tetikus.

Papan kekunci maya (Virtual Keyboard)

menggantikan papan kekunci biasa.

Kawalan jauh (Wireless Remote)

Game Consoles

• A game console is a
mobile computing
device designed for
single-player or
multiplayer video
games

Page 24 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 41

Figure 1-24
Servers

• A server controls access

to the hardware,
software, and other
resources on a network
– Provides a centralized
storage area for
programs, data, and
information

Page 25 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 42

Figure 1-25
Embedded Computers

• An embedded computer is a special-purpose

computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
Consumer Home Automation Process Controllers Computer Devices
Automobiles
Electronics Devices and Robotics and Office Machines
• Mobile and digital • Thermostats • Antilock brakes • Remote monitoring • Keyboards
telephones • Sprinkling systems • Engine control systems • Printers
• Digital televisions • Security modules • Power monitors • Faxes
• Cameras monitoring systems • Airbag controller • Machine • Copiers
• Video recorders • Appliances • Cruise control controllers
• DVD players and • Lights • Medical devices
recorders
• Answering
machines

Page 26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 43

Embedded Computers

Page 26 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 44

Figure 1-28
Elements of an Information System

Hardware Software Data

People Procedures

Page 27 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 45

Elements of an Information System

Page 27 Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 46

Figure 1-29
Challenges in a digital society

• Computer use ethics

• Privacy risks
• Personal data
collection
• Monitoring e-mail
• Copyright infringement
• Software piracy

47
 Computers in your Career?

• Computer careers in:

– Business
– The Arts
– The Medical Field
– Law Enforcement
– Legal Fields
– Education
– The Sciences
– Gaming
– Homes

48
 Computers in Business
Point of Sale Terminals
Tracking merchandise

49
 Computers in the Arts

Virtual art Virtual dance

50
 Computers in the Medical Field

• Virtual reality in medical applications

• Patient simulator

51
 Computers in Law Enforcement

Computer forensics

52
 Computers in the Legal Fields

Surveillance cameras
Forensic animation

53
Computers in Education

• Computers in the
classroom
• Distance Education
• Computerized research
• The Internet

54
Computers and the Sciences

• Supercomputers
• Archeology
• Meteorology

55
Computers in Sports

• Training
• Timing and
scorekeeping
• Data storage and
statistics

56
Computer Gaming Careers

• Programming
• 3D animation

57
Computers at Home

• Robotics
• Smart appliances

Internet-
connected
refrigerator Robomower

58
Apakah itu MSC ?

oKeluasan 15km x
o50km
o Dari KLCC ke KLIA
oUndang-undang siber
oInfrastruktur bertaraf
dunia (rangkaian
omultimedia 2.5gbps –
10gbps)
Cybercities in MSC
 Objektif MSC

• Mencapai Wawasan 2020 dengan merangsang

pertumbuhan produktiviti
• Untuk melonjakkan Malaysia sebagai pemimpin
dalam Era Maklumat dengan menarik dan
membangunkan syarikat bertaraf dunia melalui
“perkongsian pintar” (smart partnerships)
• Untuk membangunkan jambatan global di antara
Malaysia dan bandaraya pintar bagi kepentingan
bersama (global bridges)
Flagship Applications by 2000

Smart Schools
Multi-Purpose Card
R&D Cluster
Electronic Government
Telemedicine
Borderless Marketing
Worldwide Manufacturing
Webs
Undang-undang siber
Undang-undang
Akta tandatangan digital 1997
Akta hak cipta (pindaan) 1997
Akta Jenayah Komputer (1997)
Akta Teleperubatan 1997
Akta Komunikasi dan Multimedia 1998
Akta Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia 1998