Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Compounds
Organic vs. Inorganic
• Organic compounds contain carbon that
is covalently bonded to non-metals
Comparison of Properties of Organic
and Inorganic Compounds
Property Organic Inorganic
Solubility in inorganic
solvent (water)
Solubility in organic
solvent (toluene)
Conductivity
Flammability
Volatility
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Comparison of Properties of Organic
and Inorganic Compounds
Property Organic Inorganic
C –C– C – C – C
|
C
Ways of depicting formulas and models of an alkane.
ring
Some five-carbon skeletons.
C
single bonds double bond C C
C C
C C C C C C C C C C
C
C
C C C C C C C
C C C C C C C
C C
C C C C C
C
C C C C
C C
C C C C C C C
C
C
C
C
C C
C C
C C C C
C
Saturated and Unsaturated
• When the carbon in organic compounds
forms only single bonds we say that the
compound is saturated (can’t add
anything more).
• If there are double or triple bonds,
these can be broken to add more atoms.
In this case we say that the compound
is unsaturated.
Isomers
• When two compounds have the same
chemical formula but different
structural formulas they are called
isomers.
• There are many kinds of isomers
depending on where the carbons are
placed and how bonds are arranged.
Isomers and Vision
• If you take beta carotene and split the
molecule, you get 2 Vitamin A molecules.
These are related to retinal.
• Retinal changes form when a photon of
light strikes it.
• http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchemb
ook/531vision.html
Depicting cycloalkanes.
H H
H H
C H C C H
H C C H H C C H
H H H H
cyclobutane
cyclopropane
Boiling points of the first 10 unbranched alkanes.
An analogy for optical isomers.
Some molecules with the alcohol functional group.
Some common aldehydes and ketones.
benzoic acid
calorimetric
standard; used in octadecanoic acid
preserving food, (stearic acid)
dyeing fabric, curing found in animal fats;
tobacco used in making candles
and soap
Some lipid molecules with the ester functional group.
cetyl palmitate
the most common
lipid in whale
blubber
tristearin
typical dietary fat used as an
lecithin
energy store in animals
phospholipid found in all cell membranes
Polymers
• Long chain molecules made of small
repeating units
• Can be made by addition reactions
(adding molecules) or condensation
(splitting something out and joining the
pieces.
• Building polymers….
Crosslinking
Sodium alginate
Borax molecule