Chapter 2:

Instructional
Objectives and
Learning Outcomes
In planning for assessment, the
following things must be taken into
considerations:

1. aims
2. goals
3. instructional objectives
4. learning outcomes
According to Ornstein and
Hunkins(1998), aims are
orientations that suggest
endpoints. They are not
specific quantifiable
outcome.
Educational aims must
address the cognitive,
psychomotor, and
affective aspects.
 Based on the Philippine
Constitution of 1987, all schools
shall aim to:
1.inculcate patriotism and
nationalism
2.foster love of humanity
3.promote respect for human
rights
4. appreciate the role of national
heroes in the historical
development of the country
5. teach the rights and duties of
citizenship
6. strengthen ethical and
spiritual values
7. develop moral character and
personal discipline
8. encourage critical and creative
thinking
9. broaden scientific and
technological knowledge
10. promote vocational
efficiency
Goals are derived from the
aims of education. They are
broad statements that provide
guidelines on what to accomplish
as a result of prescribes
educational program.
The goal of Philippine education is
expressed as follows:

“Provide for a broad general education that will

assist each individual in the peculiar ecology oh his
own society, to :
a. Attain his potential as a human being
b.Enhance the range and quality of individual and
group participation in the function of society; and
c. “Acquire the essential educational foundation for
his development into a productive and versatile
citizen.
Objectives are more specific than
goals. They describe learning
outcomes.
Taba (1962) defines
objectives as behaviors that must
be achieved at various levels of
the curriculum. These levels
include lesson, subject, unit, and
program.
The Objectives of Elementary
Educational according to DECS
Service Manual 2000 are:

1. To provide the knowledge and

develop the skills, attitudes, and values
essential to personal development and
necessary for living in and contributing
to a developing and changing social
milieu;
2. To provide learning experiences which
increase the child's awareness of and
responsiveness to the changes in and just
demands of society and to prepare him for
constructive and effective involvement;

3. To promote and intensify the child's

knowledge of, identification with, and love
for the nation and the people to which he
belongs; and
4. To promote work experiences
which develop the child's
orientation to the world of work
and creativity and prepare himself
to engage in honest and gainful
work.
The objectives of secondary
education as stipulated in the
Education Act of 1982 (section22) are
as follows:

1. To continue to promote the objectives of

elementary education; and
2. To discover and enhance the different
aptitudes and interests of the students so as
to equip him with skills for productive
endeavor and/or prepare him for tertiary
schooling.
An instructional objective
consists of two essential
components: behavior and
content.

The behavior component tells

what a learner is expected to
perform. It is expressed in verb
form or action word.
The content component
specifies the topic or subject
matter a student is expected to
learn. It is expressed as a noun
phrase.
Measurable means the objectives
can be translated into objective
items which are parts of an
instrument.
Observables Unobservables
identify know
tell appreciate
explain understand
draw value
construct develop
Learning Outcomes and
Learning Activities
 LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING ACTIVITIES
(ENDS) (MEANS)

1. ibigay ang kahulugan ng heograpiya 1. Nasusuri ang limang temang

heograpikal bilang kasangkapan sa pag-
unawa sa daigdig

2. isa- isahin ang katangian nito 2. Nasusuri ang katangiang Pisikal ng

daigdig

3. ipaliwanag ang kultura at rehiyon 3. Napapahalagahan ang kultura, reyhiyon

at mammayan sa daigdig, kabilang lahi at
pangkat-etniko

4. gumuhit ng sinaunang kasangkapan ng 4.Nasusuri ang kondisyong heograpikal sa

tao panahon ng mga unang tao sa daigdig

5. gumawa ng isang logo para pangalagaan 5.Naipaliliwanag ang uri ng pamumuhay

ang mundo ng mga unang tao sa daigdig
 LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING ACTIVITIES
(ENDS) (MEANS)

1. iguhit ang paikot na daloy ng 1. Nailalarawan ang pikot na daloy ng

ekonomiya ekonomiya

2. ibigay ang ginagampanan ng paikot na 2. Natataya ang bahaging ginagampanan

daloy ng ekonomiya ng bumubuo sa paikot na daloy ng
ekonomiya

3. sabihin ang kaugnayan ng isat isa 3. Nasusuri ang ugnayan ng isat isa

4. kahulugan ng pagkonsumo at pagiimpok 4. Naipapahayag ang jaugnayan ng kita sa

pagkonsumo at pag-iimpok

5. ipaliwanag ang naturang uganayan 5. Nasusuri ang katuturan ng pagiimpok at

pagkonsumo
An instructional objective also
contains two optional components:

Condition and criterion level condition.

Condition is the situation in which

learning will takes place.

Criterion level refers to the acceptable

level of performance.
Examples of instructional objectives
which contain conditions are given
below.
1. Given a world map, locate 10 Asian
countries.
2. Given the book, tell the summary of
Noli Me Tangere.
3. Given the sentence, identify if what
kind of fallacy it is.
Examples of instructional objectives
should indicate criterion level f
performance. It tells how well a
particular behavior is to be done.

1. Sa loob ng limang minuto, ibigay

ang kahulugan ng ekonomiks sa
pang-araw araw na pamumuhay.
2. Sa loob ng sampung minuto, itaya ang
palatandaaan ng kakapusan sa pang-
araw araw na buhay.

3. Sa pamamagitan ng Venn diagram,

suriin ang salik na
nakakaimpluwensya sa
pangangailangan at kagustuhan.
 Examples Of Objective with
aforemention criterion levels are
given below:
1. Given 10 words, choose 6 words that
best describes geography.

2. Without looking at the world map,

name the capital of out of 20
European countries correctly.
3. Using a compass, locate the
hidden object through following
directions in less than 1 hour.

4. Without referring to class notes,

always recite the branches of
social science.