“The greatest single public health challenge that humanity has ever faced.

HIV–AIDS
by:

EARL OMAR A. TUMANGUIL, RN

Clinical Instructor

MEDICAL COLLEGES OF
NORTHERN PHILIPPINES
 LESSON OBJECTIVES:
Understand the local and global impact of the
epidemic
Become socially concerned about HIV-AIDS
Understand the natural history of HIV-AIDS
infection
Understand the modes of HIV-AIDS
transmission
Learn preventive measures about the disease
“The greatest single public health challenge that humanity has ever faced.”

HIV–AIDS
by:

EARL OMAR A. TUMANGUIL, RN

Clinical Instructor

MEDICAL COLLEGES OF
NORTHERN PHILIPPINES
What is HIV?

H – Human
I – Immunodeficiency
V – Virus
 Overview of
Viruses
Viruses are small organisms
that cause diseases and
infections.
There are no cures for viruses.
There are medications available
to help you cope with viral
infections.
When you have a viral
infection, white blood cells
 HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS
i. HIV is the virus that attacks
the immune system.

ii. Once the virus is in your

body it replicates itself in
your cells.
What is AIDS?
a – Acquired
I – Immune
D – Deficiency
S – Syndrome
AIDS – a medical condition

 IMMUNE SYSTEM
becomes weak

 1980 – GLOBAL AIDS

PANDEMIC

 TEENS & YOUNG

ADULTS
 HIV and AIDS
* * *
When the immune system
becomes weakened by
HIV, the illness progresses
to AIDS
HIV and AIDS

are very
DANGEROUS
diseases!
Transmission of HIV
• Direct contact with infected blood
• Sexual contact: oral, anal, or vaginal
• Direct contact with semen or vaginal and
cervical secretions
• HIV-infected mothers to infants during
pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding
 Transmission of HIV
HIV is not transmitted by:
• Coughing, sneezing • Public baths
• Handshakes
• Insect bites
• Work or school contact
• Touching, hugging
• Using telephones
• Water, food • Sharing cups, glasses,
• Kissing plates, or other utensils
 LADDER OF RISK
Unprotected Vaginal
and Anal Sex

Intravenous
Drug Use
Unprotected
Oral Sex
Mother to Child
Transmission

French Kissing/ Wet

Open Mouth Kissing
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Stages of the HIV Disease:
Stage I: PRIMARY INFECTION
The patient starts experiencing “flu-like” symptoms

Stage II: ASYMPTOMATIC ILLNESS

The patient may remain well for years

Stage III: SYMPTOMATIC ILLNESS

The patient experiences “mild” symptoms such as
lack of energy, nights sweats
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Stage IV: ADVANCED DISEASES (AIDS)
The patient experiences opportunistic infections from
bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, protozoal, viral and
malignant sources that can cause any of the following:

Swollen glands
Mouth infections

Brain infections
Skin diseases

Lung diseases
Loss of weight
 HIV
HIV Testing
Testing
• HIV testing is done by
testing your immune
systems for HIV
antibodies.

• The HIV test is sent to a

lab where it is ran
through several test to
see if HIV antibodies are
present.

• The HIV test does not

test for the virus itself.
ELISA TEST
-Enzyme-Linked
Immunosorbent Assay

WESTERN BLOT TEST

-Confirmatory test
 What’s the Big Difference?
HIV POSITIVE MEANS THAT YOUR BODY
IS PRODUCING HIV ANTIBODIES.
– You can pass the HIV virus to someone else.

HIV NEGATIVE MEANS YOUR BODY IS

NOT PRODUCING HIV ANTIBODIES.
 PREVENTION
There's no vaccine to prevent HIV infection and no cure for AIDS. But it's possible to
protect yourself and others from infection. That means educating yourself about HIV
and avoiding any behavior that allows HIV-infected fluids — blood, semen, vaginal
secretions and breast milk — into your body.

If you're HIV-negative…..
Educate yourself and others.
Know the HIV status of any sexual partner.
Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you have
sex.
Use a clean needle.
Be cautious about blood products
Get regular screening tests
 PREVENTION
If you're HIV-positive….
Follow safe-sex practices.
Tell your sexual partners you have HIV.
If your partner is pregnant, tell her you have HIV
Don't share needles or syringes.
Don't donate blood or organs.
Don't share razor blades or toothbrushes.
If you're pregnant, get medical care right away.
ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS

AZIDOTHYMIDINE
ZIDOVUDINE
RETROVIR
 PROTECTING YOURSELF FROM
HIV
• Abstinence

• Limit your number of sex

partners

• Use condoms for all types

of sex

• Never share needles

A - Abstinence B - Be faithful

C - Condom use

D - Don’t share E - Education &

used needles Information
Let’s have
some

QUICK
MIND
DRILLS !
What is the difference
between HIV and AIDS?
A. HIV is a virus and AIDS is a bacterial
disease
B. There is no difference between HIV
and AIDS
C. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
Is there a cure for AIDS?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Only available on prescription
Can you get AIDS from sharing
the cup of someone with HIV?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Only if you don't wash the cup
Can insects transmit HIV?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Only mosquitoes
HIV can make a
person ill because?
A. It makes a person lose weight very
suddenly
B. It reduces the body's core
temperature
C. It attacks the immune system
Does HIV only affect
gay people?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Only gay men
D. Only gay women
HIV is believed to have evolved
from a similar virus found
in which animal?

A. Baboon
B. Chimpanzee
C. Elephant
D. Guinea pig
If someone with HIV has a CD4
count of 200 or less, what does this
mean?
A. Their immune system is very healthy
B. They no longer have HIV
C. They should probably start
antiretroviral treatment
D. They will die within a week
What is the risk of transmitting
HIV during oral sex?

A. Just the same as anal or vaginal sex

B. There is a 50% chance that HIV will be
transmitted if one person is HIV positive
C. The risk is very low, but increased if either
person has cuts or sores on their mouth or
genitals
 F.A.Qs
FREQUENTLY
ASKED
QUESTIONS
Frequently Asked Questions

WHAT ARE THE MAIN

ROUTES OF HIV
TRANSMISSION?
 Frequently Asked Questions

CAN I BE INFECTED IF MY
PARTNER DOES NOT
HAVE HIV?
Frequently Asked Questions

IS DEEP KISSING A ROUTE

OF HIV TRANSMISSION?
 Frequently Asked Questions

CAN I BECOME INFECTED

WITH HIV THROUGH NORMAL
SOCIAL CONTACT?
 Frequently Asked Questions

IF BLOOD SPLASHES INTO MY

EYES, OR I GET SOME IN MY
MOUTH, CAN I BECOME
INFECTED WITH HIV?
 Frequently Asked Questions

CAN I BE INFECTED WITH HIV

THROUGH CONTACT WITH
ANIMALS S/A DOGS AND CATS?
 Frequently Asked Questions

CAN I TRANSMIT HIV TO MY

BABY DURING PREGNANCY
OR BREASTFEEDING?
Frequently Asked Questions

IF I AM TAKING
ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS &
HAVE AN UNDETECTABLE
VIRAL LOAD, AM I STILL
INFECTIOUS?
ST
 Your COMMITMENT……
 BE AN ADVOCATE
 BE EDUCATED
 BE SAFE
 BE HEALTHY
 BE HAPPY
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