SwiN instructorPPT Chapter1 Final

Chapter 1: Introduction
to Switched Networks
Switched Networks
Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
Chapter 1
1.0 Introduction
1.1 LAN Design
1.2 The Switched Environment
1.3 Summary
Chapter 1: Objectives
 Describe the convergence of data, voice, and video in the context of

switched networks.
 Describe a switched network in a small-to-medium-sized business.
 Explain the process of frame forwarding in a switched network.
 Compare a collision domain to a broadcast domain.
1.1 LAN Design
Converged Networks
Growing Complexity of Networks
Converged Networks
Elements of a Converged Network
A converged network solution for a small-to-medium-sized business
supports:
 Call control - Telephone call processing, caller ID, call transfer,
hold, and conference
 Voice messaging
 Mobility
 Automated attendant
Converged Networks
Borderless Network Architecture
Converged Networks
Hierarchy in Borderless Switched Networks
Borderless switched network design principles:
 Hierarchical
 Modular
 Resiliency
 Flexibility
Converged Networks
Access, Distribution and Core Layers
Core
Distribution
Access
Switched Networks
Role of Switched Networks
Switched networks incorporate the following features:
 Layer 3 functionality
 Quality of service
 IP telephony
 Security
 Wireless networking
 Mobility
Meeting the requirements of next generation networks:
 Secure
 Reliable and always available
 Support converged network traffic such as data, voice, video,
security systems, and more
Switched Networks
Form Factors
Switched Networks
Multilayer Switching
 Deployed in the core and distribution layers
 Can build a routing table
 Supports a few routing protocols
 Forwards IP packets
 With IOS 15.x Catalyst 2960s, can support multiple switched virtual
interfaces (SVIs)
Switch Features:
Port Density
Switch Features
Forwarding Rates
 How much data the switch can process per second
 Switch product lines are classified by forwarding rates
Switch Features
Power over Ethernet
 Power over Ethernet (PoE) allows the switch to deliver power to a
device over the existing Ethernet cabling.
 PoE pass-through allows you to power PoE devices connected to
the switch and the switch by drawing power from specific upstream
switches.
PoE Pass-Through
PoE
Switch Features
Cisco Catalyst Switch Breakdown
Core and Distribution Layer Switches
 Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series
 Cisco Catalyst 4500E Series
 Cisco Catalyst 4500-X Series
Distribution and Access Layer Switches

 Cisco Catalyst 4500E Series
Switch Features
Cisco Catalyst Switch Breakdown
Access Layer Switches
 Cisco Catalyst 2960 Series
 Cisco Catalyst 2960 and 2960-C Series Compact Switches
1.2 The Switched
Environment
Frame Forwarding
Switching as a General Concept
The fundamental concept of switching refers to a device making a
decision based on two criteria:
 Ingress port
 Destination address
A LAN switch maintains a table that it uses to determine how to
forward traffic through the switch
Frame Forwarding
Dynamically Populating a Switch MAC Address Table
As the switch learns the relationship of ports to devices, it builds a
table called a MAC address, or content addressable memory
(CAM) table.
Frame Forwarding
Switch Forwarding Methods
Application-specific-integrated circuits (ASICs)reduce the packet-
handling time, and allow the device to handle an increased
number of ports without degrading performance.
Two Methods of forwarding frames:
 Store-and-Forward - makes a forwarding decision on a frame
after it has received the entire frame and checked the frame for
errors.
 Cut-Through - begins the forwarding process after the destination
MAC address of an incoming frame and the egress port has been
determined.
Frame Forwarding
Store-and-Forward Switching
Frame Forwarding
Cut-Through Switching
 Fragment free switching is a modified form of cut-through switching

- the switch waits for the collision window (64 bytes) to pass before
forwarding the frame.
Switching Domains
Collision Domains
 Each port on the switch represents a new segment.
 Each new segment is a collision domain.
Switching Domains
Broadcast Domains
 Switches do not filter broadcast frames
 A collection of interconnected switches forms a single broadcast
domain.
 Routers are used to segment both collision and broadcast

domains
Switching Domains
Alleviating(reducing) Network
Congestion
Characteristics of switches that contribute to
alleviating network congestion:
 High port density - Large enterprise switches may support many
hundreds of ports.
 Large frame buffers - The ability to store many received frames.
 Port speed - Depending on the cost of a switch, it may be possible
to support a mixture of speeds.
 Fast internal switching - Having fast internal forwarding
capabilities allows high performance.
 Low per-port cost - Switches provide high-port density at a lower
cost.
1.3 Summary
Chapter 1 Summary
 The trend in networks is towards convergence using a single set of
wires and devices to handle voice, video, and data transmission.
 Network resources must now be seamlessly available anytime and
anywhere.
 The Cisco Borderless Network architecture enables different
elements to work together and allow users access to resources
from any place at any time.
 The traditional three-layer hierarchical design model divides the
network into core, distribution, and access layers. It provides
modularity, resiliency, and flexibility.
 In some networks the functionality of the core layer and the
distribution layer are often collapsed together.
 It is important to deploy the appropriate types of switches based on
network requirements.
Chapter 1 Summary (cont.)
 The network designer must choose between a fixed or modular
configuration, and stackable or non-stackable type of switch.
 A network administrator may choose to implement a multilayer
switch.
 Multilayer switches are able to build a routing table, support a few
routing protocols, and forward IP packets at a rate close to that of
Layer 2 forwarding.
 Switches use either store-and-forward or cut-through switching.
 Every port on a switch forms a separate collision domain allowing
for extremely high-speed full-duplex communication.

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Cargado por

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Chapter 1: Introduction

 Describe the convergence of data, voice, and video in the context of

Distribution and Access Layer Switches

 Fragment free switching is a modified form of cut-through switching

 Routers are used to segment both collision and broadcast

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