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System
What is a Solar PV system ?
3. Inverter 4. Battery
+ + +
Energy Consumed -
Sl No: Appliances Power - Watts No of Devices Hrs of Usage
KWHr ( units)
1 Florescent Light 40 4 6 0.96
2 CFL 18 2 3 0.108
3 Led Light 9 2 4 0.072
4 CFL 10 2 12 0.24
5 Ceiling fan 70 3 5 1.05
6 Table Fan 20 1 3 0.06
7 Bathroom Lights 15 2 4 0.12
8 Desktop computer 150 1 2 0.3
9 Lap top computer 65 2 3 0.39
10 TV 100 3 3 0.9
11 Music system 40 1 4 0.16
12 Refrigerator 150 1 8 1.2
13 other appliances 0
An energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy flows for energy
conservation in a building, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into
the system without negatively affecting the output(s).
With special equipments and methodology energy audit is carried where consumption
of power is high.
For Thin film technology the specific yield will be 15% more than poly/mono
crystalline panels
For Bangalore the installation for TF modules the Sp yield will be 6.32 KWhr/KWp
To generate the Sp yield data for different technologies and for different places we
can use PVSyst software
2.1 Calculate the total Watt-peak rating needed for PV
modules
• For grid tie systems or grid connected systems, the input rating
of the inverter should be same as PV array rating to allow for
safe and efficient operation.
Battery SIZING
Recommended battery type deep cycle battery.
4.2 Multiply the total kilo Watt-hours per day used by 0.85 for
battery and system losses.
4.3 Divide the answer obtained in item 4.2 by the nominal battery
voltage.
Solar Charge Controller
SIZING
The solar charge controller is typically rated against
Amperage and Voltage capacities.
Select the solar charge controller to match the voltage of PV array and
batteries and then identify which type of solar charge controller is right for your
application.
For the series charge controller type, the sizing of controller depends on the
total PV input current which is delivered to the controller and also depends on
PV panel configuration (series or parallel configuration).
The inverter size should be equal or slightly more than the 1kWp of SPV array.
That means 1kVA single phase system is more suitable which has a Battery Bank
voltage will be nominally 24 volts
4. Battery sizing
Nominal battery voltage = 24 V
Battery capacity (Ah) = 4.7 x 0.85 X 1000/24
The inverter size should be equal or slightly more than the 2.5kWp of SPV array.
That means 3kVA single phase system is more suitable which has a Battery Bank
voltage will be nominally 48 volts
4. Battery sizing
Nominal battery voltage = 48 V
Battery capacity (Ah) = 13.5 x 0.85 x 1000/ 48
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Specifications of Panels
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Number of Panels
• Total KW requirement = 1 KW = 1000 W
• Panel that is used = 125 Wp
• Panel Rating:
• Vmpp = 17.20 V
• Impp = 7.30 Amp
• No. of Panels = (1000 / 125) = 8 panels.
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Inverter Selection
• Inverter Sizing = (KW/PF) x Efficiency of
Inverter.
• Therefore, (1/ 0.8) x ( 80% ) = 1 KVA, 24V
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Battery Bank Sizing
• Total yield per day in KWhr = (Specific yield i.e.
KWhr/KWp) x (Installed Capacity in KWp) = 5.5 x 1
= 5.5 KWhr
• DC Bus Voltage = 24 Volts
• Conversion factor = 0.85
• AH of Battery Required = (Total yield in KWhr X
1000 X Conversion Factor / Battery Voltage) =
194.79 AH
• No of batteries = (24/12) = 2
• Therefore, we will require 2 X 12 V, 200AH
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Sizing an MPPT Charge Controller
• Power = Volts x Amps
• Amps = 1000 watts / 24 volts = 41.67
• 41.67 A increased by 25% is 52.09 A
• In this case we'd probably choose a 60 Amp
MPPT Charge Controller.
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Array Sizing
• Total Bus voltage = 24 V.
• Voltage of each panel = 17.2 V.
• Therefore we need minimum (24/17.2) = 1.40
= 2 panels in series.
• Total panels calculated earlier = 8 panels
• There will be 4 rows of 2 panels of 125 Wp
each connected in series.
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Block Diagram
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Design of 2.5 KW SPV Roof Top
System
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Specifications of Panels
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Number of Panels
• Total KW requirement = 2.5 KW = 2500 W
• Panel that is used = 250 Wp
• Panel Rating:
• Vmpp = 35.68 V
• Impp = 07.00 Amp
• No. of Panels = (2500 / 250) = 10 panels.
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Inverter Selection
• Inverter Sizing = (KW/PF) x Efficiency of Inverter.
• Inverter Sizing = (2.5/ 0.8) x ( 80% ) = 2.5 KVA
• Therefore, we will use 3 KVA, 48 V inverter.
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Battery Bank Sizing
• Total yield per day in kWhr = (Specific yield i.e.
kWhr/kWp) x (Installed Capacity in kWp) = 5.5 x 2.5
= 13.75 kWhr
• DC Bus Voltage = 48 Volts
• Conversion factor = 0.85
• AH of Battery Required = (Total yield in kWhr X 1000
X Conversion Factor / Battery Bus Voltage) = 243.49
AH
• No of batteries = (48/12) = 4
• Therefore, we will require four 12 V, 300AH
batteries.
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Sizing an MPPT Charge Controller
• Power = Volts x Amps
• Amps = 250 watts / 48 volts = 5.208
• 5.208 A increased by 25% is 6.51 A
• In this case we'd probably choose a 7 Amp
MPPT Charge Controller (Sun Rose).
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Array Sizing
• Total Bus voltage = 48 V.
• Voltage of each panel = 35.68 V.
• Total no of panels calculated = 10.
• There will be 10 panels of 250 Wp each
connected in parallel.
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Block Diagram
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