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PROF. ADNAN
M.ABDULLAH
THIRD DEMOCRATIC ERA (1988-1999)
TENURE OF BENAZIR BHUTTO (1988-1990)
TENURE OF NAWAZ SHAREEF (1990-1993)
TENURE OF BENAZIR BHUTTO (1993-1996)
TENURE OF NAWAZ SHAREEF (1997-1999)
PARTIES ALLIENCE
WITH THE COOPERATION OF 8 M. Q. M. MEMBERS AND 13 MEMBERS OF THE
FEDERALLY ADMINISTERED TRIBAL AREA, THE P. P. P. SHOWED A CLEAR
MAJORITY
ON THE OTHER HAND; THE IJI COMPRISED THE PML, JI, JUI, NATIONAL
PEOPLE’S PARTY (NPP), NIZAM-I-MUSTAFA GROUP, MARKAZI JAMIAT AHLE
HADITH (LAKHVI), JAMIAT MASHAIKH PAKISTAN (JMP), AZAD GROUP AND
HIZBULLAH JIHAD.
THESE PARTIES AND GROUPS CONTESTED THE ELECTION UNDER THE
SYMBOL OF THE ‘BICYCLE’ AGAINST THE BENAZIR BHUTTO-LED PPP WITH
THE SYMBOL ‘ARROW’.
THE P.P.P. GOVERNMENT HOSTED THE FOURTH S.A.A.R.C. SUMMIT CONFERENCE IN 29-
31 DECEMBER 1988 , HELD IN ISLAMABAD.
THIS CONFERENCE WAS ATTENDED BY THE PRESIDENTS OF BANGLADESH, THE
MALDIVES AND SRI LANKA, THE PRIME MINISTERS OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN, AND THE
KINGS OF BHUTAN AND NEPAL.
AS A RESULT OF CONFERENCE ,PAKISTAN AND INDIA FINALIZED DIFFERENT
AGREEMENT.
MRS. BHUTTO MADE SUCCESSFUL VISITS TO IRAN AND TURKEY. SHE GAINED MORAL
SUPPORT OF
THESE COUNTRIES ON THE KASHMIR ISSUE. MANY AGREEMENTS OF COOPERATION IN
DIFFERENT
FIELDS WERE SIGNED.
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CHIEF MINISTER, PIR SABIR SHAH OF THE
MUSLIM LEAGUE
ASSAMBLY WERE DISSOLVED IN 1994 IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA AND
AFTAB AHMAD SHERPAO OF THE PEOPLE’S PARTY WAS ELECTED AS CHIEF
MINISTER.
DIFFERENCES SOON APPEARED AND THE GOVERNMENT FELT THAT THERE WAS
INTERFERENCE IN THE POLITICAL MATTERS OF THE GOVERNMENT BY THE
PRESIDENT. PRESIDENT FAROOQ LEGHARI DISMISSED BENAZIR BHUTTO'S
GOVERNMENT ON CHARGES OF CORRUPTION AND MISMANAGEMENT ON
NOVEMBER 5, 1996, UNDER THE ARTICLE 58(2) B OF THE EIGHTH AMENDMENT.
PRESIDENT SARDAR FAROOQ LEGHARI, EXERCISING HIS POWERS THROUGH
THE EIGHTH AMENDMENT, DISMISSED BENAZIR BHUTTO'S GOVERNMENT IN
NOVEMBER 1996, ON CHARGES OF CORRUPTION AND EXTRA-JUDICIAL
KILLINGS. AFTER BENAZIR, MALIK MERAJ KHALID, RECTOR OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY, WAS APPOINTED AS CARETAKER
PRIME MINISTER. THE NEXT ELECTIONS WERE SCHEDULED TO BE HELD ON
FEBRUARY 3, 1997.
MALIK MERAJ KHALID HELD THE OFFICE OF PRIME MINISTER FROM
NOVEMBER 5, 1996, TO FEBRUARY 17, 1997.
ELECTIONS IN 1997
13TH AMENDMENT
14TH AMENDMENT
RESIGNATION OF PRESIDENT LAGHARI
NEW PRESIDENT MUHAMMAD RAFIQ TARAR
NUCLEAR TEST
15TH AMENDMENT
RESIGNATION OF GENERAL KARAMAT
NEW ARMY CHIEF
‘RETIRE DEBT, ADORN THE COUNTRY’ SCHEME
CENSUS OF 1998
LAHORE DECLARATION
LAHORE-ISLAMABAD MOTORWAY
KARGIL OFFENSIVE
TERMINATION OF P.M
AS SCHEDULED, 9TH ELECTIONS WERE HELD ON FEBRUARY 3, 1997.
PAKISTAN MUSLIM LEAGUE WON WITH AN OVERWHELMING MAJORITY
WITH ABSOLUTELY LIGHT AND SLIGHT OPPOSITION. THE MUSLIM LEAGUE
WAS ABLE TO OBTAIN A TWO-THIRD MAJORITY IN THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
AND MIAN NAWAZ SHARIF WAS RE-ELECTED AS PRIME MINISTER.
PAKISTAN MUSLIM LEAGUE (N) WON 137 SEATS AND PPP WON 18 SEATS.
NAWAZ SHARIF WAS CONFIRMED AS PRIME MINISTER BY THE NATIONAL
ASSEMBLY RECEIVING 177 VOTES AGAINST 16 FOR THE PPP
CANDIDATE AFTAB SHABAN MIRANI. HE TOOK OFFICE ON THE 18 FEBRUARY
WITH A NEW CABINET .
THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED THE CONSTITUTION BILL, THE
THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT, IN APRIL 1,1997 BY A TWO-THIRD MAJORITY
THE THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT EMPOWERING THE PRIME MINISTER TO REPEAL 58(2) B,
AND ADVISE THE PRESIDENT ON THE APPOINTMENTS OF THREE FORCES' CHIEFS, THE J.
C. S. C. CHAIRMAN AND THE GOVERNORS.
THROUGH THE THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT THE CONTROVERSIAL EIGHTH AMENDMENT
WAS REPEALED AND THEREBY THE PRESIDENT WAS DIVESTED OF MANY
DISCRETIONARY POWER IN ORDER TO RESTORE THE SUPREMACY OF THE PARLIAMENT.
ITS MOST NOTORIOUS AND TROUBLESOME PROVISION, 58(2) B, HAD EMPOWERED THE
PRESIDENT TO SACK THE PRIME MINISTER AND HIS CABINET AND DISSOLVE THE
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY. THE PROVISION HAD SINCE BEEN USED BY THREE SUCCESSIVE
PRESIDENTS SINCE 1985, AND FOUR PRIME MINISTERS, ALONG WITH THEIR CABINETS
AND THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLIES, HAD BEEN DISMISSED.
HAVING ANNOUNCED THE THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT, NAWAZ SHARIF SAID THAT IT HAD
BEEN INTRODUCED TO REVIVE THE DEMOCRATIC CONCEPT, AS ENVISAGED BY THE
QUAID-I-AZAM AND ALLAMA IQBAL.
THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF PAKISTAN
WAS AN AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION OF PAKISTAN PASSED IN JULY
1,1997, DURING THE GOVERNMENT OF PRIME MINISTER NAWAZ SHARIF,
LEADER OF THE PAKISTAN MUSLIM LEAGUE PARTY. IT
SUBJECTED MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT TO VERY STRICT PARTY DISCIPLINE.
PARTY LEADERS RECEIVED UNLIMITED POWER TO DISMISS ANY OF THEIR
LEGISLATORS FROM PARLIAMENT IF THEY SPOKE OR VOTED AGAINST
THEIR PARTY.
NAWAZ SHARIF FACED A SERIOUS CONFRONTATION WITH THE JUDICIARY AND THE
EXECUTIVE, WHICH EVENTUALLY LED TO THE RESIGNATION OF PRESIDENT
LEGHARI ON DECEMBER 2, 1997.
MUHAMMAD RAFIQ TARAR, A FORMER JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT AND A
SENATOR, WAS ELECTED AS THE NINTH PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN. HE TOOK OATH
TO HIS OFFICE ON JANUARY 1, 1998.
THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT HAD BECOME VACANT AFTER THE RESIGNATION
OF PRESIDENT LEGHARI ON DECEMBER 2, 1997. THE PAKISTAN MUSLIM LEAGUE
HAD A TWO-THIRD MAJORITY IN THE PARLIAMENT AND SOME PROVINCIAL
ASSEMBLIES AND THEREFORE WAS IN A POSITION TO HAVE ITS CANDIDATE
ELECTED AS THE HEAD OF STATE. THE NAWAZ GOVERNMENT NOMINATED
MUHAMMAD RAFIQ TARAR, A 68-YEAR OLD FORMER JUDGE OF THE SUPREME
COURT AND A SENATOR, AS THEIR PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE.
MUHAMMAD RAFIQ TARAR WAS COMFORTABLY ELECTED PRESIDENT BY
SECURING 374 OUT OF 457 VOTES OF THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE.
THE CENSUS OF THE PEOPLE WAS CONDUCTED IN 1998. THE POPULATION OF THE
COUNTRY REACHED OVER 13 CRORES ACCORDING TO THIS CENSUS.
IN ORDER TO NORMALIZE RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN, NAWAZ
SHARIF UNDERTOOK A MAJOR INITIATIVE IN FEBRUARY 1999. THIS INITIATIVE
CULMINATED IN A VISIT BY THE INDIAN PRIME MINISTER ATAL BEHARI VAJPAYEE
TO LAHORE VIA BUS, ACROSS THE WAGAH BORDER, IN 1999. NAWAZ SHARIF MET
HIM AT THE WAGAH BORDER AND A JOINT COMMUNIQUE, KNOWN AS THE
"LAHORE DECLARATION", WAS SIGNED BETWEEN THE TWO LEADERS.
THIS DECLARATION SPELLED OUT VARIOUS STEPS TO BE TAKEN BY THE TWO
COUNTRIES TOWARDS NORMALIZATION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THEM. EXCEPT
FOR THE JAMAAT-I-ISLAMI, THE VISIT WAS NOT OPPOSED BY ANY POLITICAL OR
SOCIAL ELEMENT IN PAKISTAN. THE PAKISTANI PEOPLE WELCOMED THIS MOVE
BY THE NAWAZ GOVERNMENT TO NORMALIZE RELATIONS WITH INDIA.
IN 1999, A WAR BROKE OUT BETWEEN INDIA AND PAKISTAN ON KARGIL.
LATER, ON INTERVENTION OF THE AMERICAN PRESIDENT, BILL CLINTON,
BOTH COUNTRIES DECLARED CEASEFIRE.
ON OCTOBER 12, 1999, THE PAKISTAN ARMY ONCE AGAIN OUSTED THE
CIVILIAN GOVERNMENT. AT THAT TIME PRIME MINISTER MIAN MUHAMMAD
NAWAZ SHARIF HEADED THE GOVERNMENT. THE COUP IMMEDIATELY
FOLLOWED THE PREMIER’S ATTEMPT TO REPLACE THE ARMY CHIEF WHILE
HE WAS ON A TOUR TO SRI LANKA. AFTER TWO DAYS OF CHILLING
UNCERTAINTY, CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF GENERAL PERVEZ MUSHARRAF
ASSUMED THE TITLE OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE.