Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
Core Supplement
• Demonstrate understanding of
background radiation
• Describe the detection of α-particles,
β-particles and γ-rays (β + are not
included: β-particles will be taken to
refer to β-)
When a radioactive
particle enters the
tube it ionises the gas
We can monitor levels inside and triggers an
of radiation using a electrical discharge
Geiger-Muller tube (spark) which make s
and counter. a clicking sound.
http://ztopics.com/Geiger-Muller%20counter/
http://www.darvill.clara.net/nucrad/sources.htm
Background radiation There is a small
amount of radiation
around us all the time
… comes from many sources because of
radioactive materials
in the environment.
……… such as naturally occurring
This is called
unstable isotopes which are all
background radiation.
around us – in the air, in food, in
building materials and in the rocks
under our feet.
Radiation from
space, known as
cosmic radiation,
mostly from the Sun.
http://www.darvill.clara.net/nucrad/sources.htm
Background radiation There is a small
amount of radiation
around us all the time
… comes from many sources because of
radioactive materials
in the environment.
……… such as naturally occurring
This is called
unstable isotopes which are all
background radiation.
around us – in the air, in food, in
building materials and in the rocks
under our feet.
Radiation from
space, known as
cosmic radiation,
mostly from the Sun.
http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/environment/air-quality-and-pollution/radiation-monitoring
Background radiation There is a small
amount of radiation
around us all the time
… comes from many sources because of
radioactive materials
So what changes the level of in the environment.
background radiation? This is called
background radiation.
Alpha α
Beta β
Gamma γ
The three types of radiation
β
Speed up to 0.9 x speed of light
Beta Weak ionizing effect.
Penetrating, but stopped by a few
millimetres of aluminium or other
metal.
Deflected by magnetic and electric
Gamma γ fields
The three types of radiation
Alpha α
Beta β
+ β
- α
α particles – positively charged, so deflected in the direction of the negative terminal (or
south pole).
β particles – negatively charged, so deflected in the direction of the positive terminal (or
north pole)
γ particles – no charge, so not deflected by magnetic or electric fields.
Summary of
The three types of radiation effects
Applications
1. Tracers in medicine. Radioisotopes can be
detected in very small amounts, so are useful for
checking the function of body organs. eg. Iodine-
123, a gamma source, is used to check the function
of the thyroid gland.
The three types of radiation Supplement
Applications
1. Tracers in medicine. Radioisotopes can be
detected in very small amounts, so are useful for
checking the function of body organs. eg. Iodine-
123, a gamma source, is used to check the function
of the thyroid gland.
Applications
1. Tracers in medicine. Radioisotopes can be
detected in very small amounts, so are useful for
checking the function of body organs. eg. Iodine-
123, a gamma source, is used to check the function
of the thyroid gland.
Applications
5. Radiotherapy – treating cancer using gamma
rays. High doses of gamma rays are directed at
just the right dosage to kill cancer cells, whilst
minimising damage to surrounding healthy cells. http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zm8n
b9q/revision/9
The three types of radiation Supplement
Applications
5. Radiotherapy – treating cancer using gamma
rays. High doses of gamma rays are directed at
just the right dosage to kill cancer cells, whilst
minimising damage to surrounding healthy cells. http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zm8n
b9q/revision/9
Applications
5. Radiotherapy – treating cancer using gamma
rays. High doses of gamma rays are directed at
just the right dosage to kill cancer cells, whilst
minimising damage to surrounding healthy cells. http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zm8n
b9q/revision/9