Ms.AAAA PARNEET KAUR 2014CSA1138 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The success and final outcome of this assignment required a lot of guidance and assistance from many people and we extremely fortunate to have got this all along the completion of our assignment work. Whatever I have done is only due to such guidance and assistance and we would not forget to thank them. I respect and thank Ms. Amanbir for giving me an opportunity to do this assignment work and providing me all support and guidance which made me complete the assignment on time, I’m extremely grateful to her for providing such a nice support and guidance. I’m really grateful because I managed to complete this assignment within the time given by Ms. Amanbir. This assignment cannot be completed without the effort and co-operation from our teacher. Last but not least, we would like to express my gratitude to my friends and respondents for support and willingness to spend some time with me. INTRODUCTION Social networking sites are varied. They can incorporate a range of new information and communication tools, operating on desktops and on laptops, on mobile devices such as tablet computers and smartphones. They may feature digital photo/video/sharing and "web logging" diary entries online. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, digital photos and videos, posts, and to inform others about online or real-world activities and events with people in their network. While in-person social networking – such as gathering in a village market to talk about events – has existed since the earliest development of towns, the Web enables people to connect with others who live in different locations, ranging from across a city to across the world. WHAT IS SOCIAL NETWORKING? A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is an online platform that people use to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. The variety of stand-alone and built-in social networking services currently available online introduces challenges of definition; however, some common features exist. FEATURES OF SOCIAL NETWORKING • social networking services are Internet-based applications • user-generated content (UGC) is the lifeblood of SNS organizations • users create service-specific profiles for the site or app that are designed and maintained by the SNS organization • social networking services facilitate the development of online social networks by connecting a user's profile with those of other individuals or groups HISTORY The potential for computer networking to facilitate newly improved forms of computer- mediated social interaction was suggested early on. Efforts to support social networks via computer-mediated communication were made in many early online services, including Usenet, ARPANET, LISTSERV, and bulletin board services (BBS). Many prototypical features of social networking sites were also present in online services such as America Online, Prodigy, CompuServe, ChatNet, and The WELL. ISSUES • Spamming • Privacy • Notifications • Access to information • Potential for misuse • Unauthorized access • Risk for child safety • Trolling • Online bullying • Interpersonal communication • Psychological effects of social networking • Patents • Virtual identity suicide • Social anxiety • Effects on personal relationships and social capital ISSUES The relative freedom afforded by social networking services has caused concern regarding the potential of its misuse by individual patrons. There are different forms where user data in social networks are accessed and updated without a user's permission. Citizens and governments have been concerned with misuse of social networking services by children and teenagers, in particular in relation to online sexual predators. ISSUES There has been a trend for social networking sites to send out only "positive" notifications to users. For example, sites such as Bebo, Facebook, and MySpace will not send notifications to users when they are removed from a person's friends list. Likewise, Bebo will send out a notification if a user is moved to the top of another user's friends list but no notification is sent if they are moved down the list. Many social networking services, such as Facebook, provide the user with a choice of who can view their profile. This is supposed to prevent unauthorized users from accessing their information. ISSUES Spamming on online social networks is quite prevalent. A primary motivation to spam arises from the fact that a user advertising a brand would like others to see them and they typically publicize their brand over the social network. Detecting such spamming activity has been well studied by developing a semi-automated model to detect spams. Privacy on social networking sites can be undermined by many factors. For example, users may disclose personal information, sites may not take adequate steps to protect user privacy, and third parties frequently use information posted on social networks for a variety of purposes. SCOPE OF SOCIAL MEDIA • SCIENCE One other use that is being discussed is the use of social networks in the science communities. Julia Porter Liebeskind et al. have published a study on how new biotechnology firms are using social networking sites to share exchanges in scientific knowledge.[51] They state in their study that by sharing information and knowledge with one another, they are able to "increase both their learning and their flexibility in ways that would not be possible within a self-contained hierarchical organization". Social networking is allowing scientific groups to expand their knowledge base and share ideas, and without these new means of communicating their theories might become "isolated and irrelevant". Researchers use social networks frequently to maintain and develop professional relationships. SCOPE OF SOCIAL MEDIA • EDUCATION The advent of social networking platforms may also be impacting the way(s) in which learners engage with technology in general. For a number of years, Prensky's (2001) dichotomy between Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants has been considered a relatively accurate representation of the ease with which people of a certain age range—in particular those born before and after 1980—use technology. SCOPE OF SOCIAL MEDIA • EMPLOYMENT
A rise in social network use is being driven by college students using
the services to network with professionals for internship and job opportunities. Many schools have implemented online alumni directories which serve as makeshift social networks that current and former students can turn to for career advice. However, these alumni directories tend to suffer from an oversupply of advice- seekers and an undersupply of advice providers. SCOPE OF SOCIAL MEDIA • BUSINESS MODEL
Few social networks charge money for membership. In part,
this may be because social networking is a relatively new service, and the value of using them has not been firmly established in customers' minds. Companies such as Myspace and Facebook sell online advertising on their site. Their business model is based upon large membership count, and charging for membership would be counterproductive. SCOPE OF SOCIAL MEDIA • SOCIAL INTERACTION
People use social networking sites for meeting new friends,
finding old friends, or locating people who have the same problems or interests they have, called niche networking. More and more relationships and friendships are being formed online and then carried to an offline setting. SOME SOCIAL NETWORKING PLATFORMS • FACEBOOK • INSTAGRAM • SNAPCHAT • LINKEDIN • ORKUT • TINDER • ITALKI • MAKEOUTCLUB • MAKEIN • MYSPACE • NING • PINGSTA • PLURK • AND MANY MORE… BIBLIOGRAPHY • en.wikipedia.org • whatis.techtarget.com • onlinelibrary.wiley.com • www.compukol.com