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Mortality
• Refers to the occurrence of deaths in a
population
• The incidence of death is related to
many factors like age, sex, occupation,
economic, and social class
• Mortality reduces population size
Factors affecting mortality
• Direct factors
• Health care service utilization
• Accessibility and availability of
health care services
• Environmental contamination
• Environmental disasters/calamities
• Epidemics
• Sanitation
• Level and exposure to pollution
Factors affecting mortality
• Direct factors
• Injury and accident
• Dietary intake and nutrition
• Fertility (risky pregnancy)
• too close, too many, too
early/young, too old
• unwanted pregnancies and low use
of contraception
Factors affecting mortality
• Indirect factors
• Socio-economic factors (i.e.
income, education, employment)
• Institutional factors
• Low level of access to health
services (especially in remote
areas)
• Low quality health care
services
• Unskilled health service
providers
Factors affecting mortality
• Indirect factors
• Cultural and gender issues
• Poor health-seeking behavior
(especially among men)
• Unhealthy health beliefs and
traditions
• Unfavorable decisions of husbands
affecting women’s decision to seek
health care
• Lack of men’s participation in health
care
Measuring mortality
• Crude Death Rate (CDR)
• Rough measure of mortality
indicating the number of deaths per
1,000 population
Number of deaths in a
given year
CDR = x 1,000
Total mid-year population
of the same year