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Solved Problems

Solved by:
Caraig, Kenneth John P.
Co, Karl Anthony D.
Garcia, Willord J.
Nanao, Jeferson N.
Rivera, Jericho Paolo O.
Turalba, Richard Saul M.
Problem no. 1
A rigid vessel having a volume of 1.5m3 initially
holds 5kg of air under high pressure. If 12% of the
mass of air leaks out what is the final specific
volume of air in the vessel?

a. 430 Li/kg c. 530 Li/kg


b. 340 Li/kg d. 400 Li/kg
Solution
Problem no. 2
Define a new scale, say °N, in which the
boiling and freezing points of water are 1000°N
and 100°N, respectively. Correlate this scale with
the Celsius scales.

a. 90°C+100 c. 0.9°C+100
b. 9°C+100 d. 9°C+1000
Solution
By interpolation
Problem no. 3
A nuclear submarine is 200m below the
surface of the sea. What is the pressure (bars)
exerted on the hull (outer casing) by the water at
this depth?

a. 19.62 bar c. 196.2 bar


b. 1.962 bar d. 1962 bar
Solution
Problem no. 4
An open tank 1 meter in diameter and 1.5m in
height is filled with diesel oil (ρ=850 kg/m3).
Assuming 75% of its capacity is occupied by the
diesel; calculate the absolute pressure of the fluid
at the bottom of the tank.

a. 110.71 KPa c. 1.196 Kpa


b. 1100.962 KPa d. 9.38 KPa
Solution
Problem no. 5
A motor driven pump transfers 5,000 liters of
oil (SG=0.8) per hour through an elevation of 16
meters. If the delivery velocity is 10 m/s, calculate
the water power required.

a. 0.32 KW c. 21.096 KW
b. 0.23 KW d. 2.10 KW
Solution
Problem no. 6
A tank contains 75 liters of lubricating oil
having a relative density of 0.9 and temperature of
10°C. The oil is heated for 15 minutes by a 2.16KW
electric heater. Determine the final temperature of
the oil assuming heat loss through the tank is
160W. (Specific heat of oil is 2 KJ/kg-K)

a. 5°K c. 40°K
b. 40°C d. 50°C
Solution
Problem no. 7
A power station uses oil-fired boilers, which are
supplied with fuel from four cylindrical oil storage
tanks, each 15m in diameter and 10m high. The
calorific value of oil is 38000 kJ/kg and its relative
density is 0.80. The output from the power station is
60MW. Assuming that only 10% of the heat input is
converted into electrical energy output, how long will
the boilers run on the oil in the tanks?

a. 1107hrs c. 99.5 hrs


b. 147.5 hrs d. 9.38 hrs
Solution
Problem no. 8
An elevator and its contents have a mass of
2,500 kg. What is the electrical power input to the
lifting motor if the elevator is raised through a
height of 36meters in 30 seconds? Assume that
only 85% of the electrical power input to the motor
is available to lift the elevator.

a. 3.462 KW c. 34.62 KW
b. 342.6 KW d. 3462 KW
Solution
Problem no. 9
A 50KW electric furnace measures
1.2mx1.0mx0.8m. When the temperature inside the
furnace is 1250°C, a block of aluminum with a mass of
300kg and a temperature of 16.5 °C is placed inside.
Assuming the heat loss from the furnace walls is 500
W/m2, how long will it take to heat the block to the
furnace temperature? (Specific heat of Aluminum=0.9
Kj/kgK)

a. 1.96 hrs c. 1.58 hrs


b. 1.28 hrs d. 1.75 hrs
Solution
Problem no. 10
The volume clearance space of a 152.40mm x
254.0mm Otto gas engine is 1.70 liters. Find the
ideal thermal efficiency of the engine on the
standard air basis, if the exponent of the expansion
and compression lines is 1.35. Express in percent.

a. 38.55% c. 26.98%
b. 36.89% d. 35.95%
Solution
Problem no. 11
Calculate the approximate mass density of
methane gas if the pressure and temperature are
on atmosphere and 15.55°C.

a. 675.8 kg/m3 c. 67.58 kg/m3


b. 6.785 kg/m3 d. 0.6758 kg/m3
Solution
Problem no. 12
Ten kg of water initially at 15°C is to be freezed
at -3°C. Calculate the total amount of heat to be
removed in 5hrs during the cooling process?

a. 39.83 KJ c. 0.224KW
b. 403 KJ d. 3983.1 KW
Solution
Problem no. 13
Determine the friction head loss for fully
developed laminar flow of ethylene glycol at 40°C
(ρ=1,101 kg/m3) through a 5 cm diameter, 50m long
pipe, if a friction factor of 0.242 and flow rate of 0.1
kg/s.

a. 6.42 cm c. 3.46 cm
b. 2.64 cm d. 5.32 cm
Solution
Problem no. 14
A supercharged six-cylinder four stroke cycle
diesel engine of 10.48cm bore and 12.7 cm stroke has a
compression ratio of 15. When it is tested on a
dynamometer with a 53.34 cm arm at 2500rpm, the
scale reads 81.65 kg, 2.86 kg of fuel of 45,822.20 KJ/kg
heating value are burned during a 6 min test, and air
metered to the cylinders at the rate of 0.182 kg/s. Find
the brake thermal efficiency.

a. 0.307 c. 0.307
b. 0.367 d. 0.357
Solution
Problem no. 15
Calculate the enthalpy in KJ of 1.50 kg of fluid
that occupies a volume of 0.565 m3 if the internal
energy is 555.60 Kcal per kg and pressure is 2 atm
abs.

a. 2,603.7 KJ c. 4,603.7 KJ
b. 3,603.7 KJ d. 5,603.7 KJ
Solution
Problem no. 16
A closed vessel A contains 85 liters of air at
3.45MPa and temperature of 50OC. This vessel
connects with vessel B, which contains an
unknown volume of air at 105kPa and 10OC. After
the valve separating the two vessels is opened, the
pressure and temperature of the mixes are 1.38MPa
and 21OC. Calculate the volume of vessel B.

a. 6.14 ft3 c. 2.42 ft3


b. 4.15 ft3 d. 5.5ft3
Solution
Problem no. 17
An air-standard Diesel Cycle operates with a
compression ratio of 15. The maximum cycle
temperature is 1,700OF. At the beginning of
compression, the air is at 100kPa and 40OC. What
is the cut-off ratio?

a. 2.13 c. 3.21
b. 1.32 d. 2.87
Solution
Problem no. 18
Steam with an enthalpy of 335kJ/kg enters a
nozzle at a velocity of 80m/s. Find the velocity of
the steam at the exit of the nozzle if its enthalpy is
reduced to 314kJ/kg, assuming the nozzle is
horizontal and disregarding the heat losses. Take g
= 9.81 m/s2.

a. 220 m/s c. 265 m/s


b. 652 m/s d. 625 m/s
Solution
Problem no. 19
A supercharged six-cylinder four stroke cycle
diesel engine of 10.48cm bore and 12.7 cm stroke has a
compression ratio of 15. When it is tested on a
dynamometer with a 53.34 cm arm at 2500rpm, the
scale reads 81.65 kg, 2.86 kg of fuel of 45,822.20 KJ/kg
heating value are burned during a 6 min test, and air
metered to the cylinders at the rate of 0.182 kg/s. Find
the brake thermal efficiency.

a. 0.307 c. 0.307
b. 0.367 d. 0.357
Solution
Problem no. 20
A hydraulic turbine receives water from a
reservoir at an elevation of 110m above it. What is
the minimum water flow in kg/s to produce a
steady turbine output of 30MW?

a. 27,800 kg/s c. 72,800 kg/s


b. 28,700 kg/s d. 87,200 kg/s
Solution
Problem no. 21
A diesel engine is operating on a 4stroke cycle,
has a heat rate of 11,315.6 kJ/kWh brake. The
compression ratio is 13. The cut-off ratio is 2. Using
k = 1.32, what is the brake engine efficiency?

a. 63.5 c. 73.5
b. 51.2 d. 45.3
Solution
Problem no. 22
A gas turbine unit operates at a moss flow of
30kg/s. Air enters the compressor at a pressure of 1 bar
and a temperature of 15 degrees Celsius and is
discharged from the compressor at pressure of 10.5
bars. Combustion occurs at constant pressure and
results in a temperature rise of 420K. If the flow leaves
the turbine at a pressure of 1.2bar, determine: the net
power output from the unit, kW.

a. 4,388.74 KW c. 6,388.74 KW
b. 5,388.74 KW d. 7,388.74 KW
Solution
Problem no. 23
Steam enters a nozzle steadily with a velocity
of 100m/s and enthalpy of 1300 kJ/kg and leaves
with an enthalpy of 1100kJ/kg. Neglecting heat
transfer, what is the velocity of steam at the nozzle
outlet?

a. 720 m/s c. 580 m/s


b. 640 m/s d. 490 m/s
Solution
Problem no. 24
Calculate from the following data the kg of air
per kg of fuel used by an automobile engine: air
temperatures 21.50C, barometer 767.0 mm Hg, air
entering 1.75 cu. m/min, measured gasoline 14.25
liters per hour, specific gravity of 0.8. What is the
power output of the engine?

a. 12.125 c. 14.45
b. 15.45 d. 21.45
Solution
Problem no. 25
An engine has an efficiency of 26%. It uses 2
gallons of gasoline per hour. Gasoline has a
heating value of 20500 BTU/lb and a specific
gravity of 0.8. What is the power output of the
engine?

a. 20.8 KW c. 19.8 KW
b. 29 KW d. 18.9 KW
Solution
Problem no. 26
A diesel power station is to supply power
demand of 30kW. If the overall efficiency of the
power generating unit 40%, calculate the amount
of diesel oil required, kg/hr. Note: The calorific
value of fuel oil used is 12,000kcal/kg. And 1kWh =
860 kcal.

a. 4.37 kg/hr c. 5.37 kg/hr


b. 6.37 kg/hr d. 7.37 kg/hr
Solution
Problem no. 27
A hydroelectric generating station is supplied
from a reservoir of capacity 6,000,000 cu. m at a
head of 170m. Assume hydraulic efficiency of 80%
and electrical efficiency of 90%. The fall in the
reservoir level after a load of 15MW has been
supplied for 3 hours, if the area of the reservoir is
2.5 sq. km is closest to:

a. 5.39 cm c. 4.32 cm
b. 5.98 cm d. 4.83 cm
Solution
Problem no. 28
A hydroelectric plant having 50 sq. km reservoir
area and 100m head is used to generate power. The
energy utilized by the consumers whose load is
connected to the power plant during a five-hour
period is 13.5 x 106kWh. The overall generation
efficiency is 75%. Find the fall in the height of water in
the reservoir after a five-hour period.

a. 2.13 m c. 3.21 m
b. 1.32 m d. 0.53 m
Solution
Problem no. 29
If 2 kg metal with 90 degrees Celsius
temperatures is immersed into a 4kg of water at 11
degrees Celsius, what will be the final temperature
of the water after immersion? (Cp of metal is 0.913
kJ/kg-K)

a. 18.77 C c. 20.55 C
b. 19.88 C d. 21.22 C
Solution
Problem no. 30
A Carnot engine receives 130 BTU of heat
from a hot reservoir at 700°F and rejects 49 BTU of
heat. Calculate the temperature of the cold
reservoir. (April ’97)

a. -21.9°F c. -20.8°F
b. -24.2°F d. -22.7°F
Solution
Problem no. 31
The maximum thermal efficiency possible for
a power cycle operating between 1200°F and 225°F
is: (April ’97)

a. 58% c. 57.54%
b. 58.73% d. 57.40%
Solution
Problem no. 32
A Carnot engine requires 35 KJ/sec from a hot
source. The engine produces 15kW of power and
the temperature of the sink 26°C. What is the
temperature of the hot source? (April ’97)

a. 245.57°C c. 250.18°C
b. 210.10°C d. 260.68°C
Solution
Problem no. 33
An air bubble form the bottom of a well where
the temperature is 25°C, to the surface where the
temperature is 27°C. Find the percent increase in
the volume of the bubble if the depth of the well is
5m. Atmospheric pressure is 101,528 Pascals. (April
’96)

a. 49.3% c. 56.7%
b. 41.3 % d. 38.6%
Solution
Problem no. 34
Steam Flows into a turbine at the rate of 10kg/s
and 10Kw of heat are lost from the turbine.
Ignoring elevation and kinetic energy effects,
calculate the power output from the turbine.
(October ’94)
h1=2939.0 KJ/kg h2=2300.5 KJ/kg

a. 4605 KW c. 4375 KW
b. 4937 KW d. 4000KW
Solution

Input = Output + Losses


Output = Input – Losses
Output = m(h1 – h2) – losses
Output = 10 kg/s (2939.0 – 2300.5) kJ/kg – 10kW
Output = 6385kW – 10kW
Output = 6375 kW
Problem no. 35
The enthalpy of air is increased by 139.586
KJ/kg in a compressor. The rate of air flow is 16.42
kg/min. The power input is 48.2 KW. Which of the
following values most nearly equals the heat loss
from the compressor in KW? (April ’97)

a. -10.0 KW c. +10.0 KW
b. -9.95 KW d. +9.95 KW
Solution
Problem no. 36
At an average temperature of 100°C, hot air
flows through a 2.5m long tube with an inside
diameter of 50mm. The temperature of the tube is
20°C along the length. Convection film coefficient
is 20.1 W/m2-K. Determine the convective heat
transfer from air to the tube. (April ’97)

a. 900 W c. 624 W
b. 909 W d. 632 W
Solution
Problem no. 37
Calculate the energy transfer rate across 6 in
wall of firebricks with temperature difference
across the wall of 50°C. The thermal conductivity
of the firebrick is 0.65 BTU/hr-ft-°F at the
temperature interest. (October ’94)

a. 285 c. 112
b. 369 d. 429
Solution
Problem no. 38
A piece of silver weighing 600 grams in air
weighs 500 grams when immersed in glycerin
whose specific gravity is 1,25. Find the volume of
the cavity inside the silver. (October ’95)

a. 24.32 cc c. 21.12 cc
b. 22.86 cc d. 26.86 cc
Solution
Problem no. 39
A heat engine is operated between the
temperature limits f 1370 °C and 260 °C. Engine
supplied wih 14,142 KWH. Find the Carnot cycle
efficiency in percent. (October ’97)

a. 70.10 c. 67.56
b. 65.50 d. 69.32
Solution
Problem no. 40
An Otto engine has a clearance volume of 7%.
It produces 300KW power. What is the amount of
heat rejected in KW? (October ’97)

a. 88.60 KW c. 152 KW
b. 95.32 KW d. 90.72 KW
Solution

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