IGC1 Element 4

Management of International
Health and Safety

Element 4: Health and Safety
Management Systems 3 - Planning
© RRC International
Learning Outcomes
• Explain the importance of planning in the context of
health and safety management systems.
• Explain the principles and practice of risk assessment.
• Explain the general principles of control and basic
hierarchy of risk-reduction measures.
• Identify key sources of health and safety information.
• Explain what factors should be considered when
developing and implementing a safe system of work
for general activities.
• Explain the role and function of a permit-to-work
system.
©
RRC International
Unit IGC1: Element 4.1
THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
©
RRC International
Planning
• 3rd Step in ILO-OHS

2001.
• Part of PDCA cycle.
• Essential in the
systematic
management of
health and safety.
©
RRC International
SMART Objectives
• Specific - clearly defined, precise.

• Measurable - towards a target, quantified.
• Achievable - it can be done.
• Reasonable - within timescale and resources.
• Time-bound - deadline, timescale,
e.g. review all 48 risk
assessments within a
12-month period.
©
RRC International
Group Discussion Point
Give an example of an objective that isn’t

SMART.
Now give a SMART alternative.
©
RRC International
Setting Objectives
Setting objectives requires consideration of:

– Who is setting objectives - Managers? Safety
advisers?
• How will objectives be set at each functional
level?
– Cascaded throughout organisation?
– Linked to personal targets and appraisals?
• Legal and other requirements:
– May link objectives to standards.
©
RRC International
Setting Objectives
Requires consideration of:

– Hazards and risks:
– Objectives aim to control risks in organisation.
• Technological options available:
– Adopt new technology.
• Financial/operational/business requirements:
– Integrate H&S with business objectives.
• Views of interested parties:
– Employees through consultation.
– Other stakeholders.
©
RRC International
Keeping Up To Date
Essential to be up to date:
– Especially with law.
Various methods, including:
– HSE newsletters – http://www.hse.gov.uk
– EU law – http://osha.europa.eu/en/legislation
http://osha.europa.eu/en/oshnetwork/focal-points
– Websites – http://www.osha.gov/
http://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/WorkSafe/
– Practitioner publications and subscriptions.
– Conferences.
©
RRC International
End-of-Section Quiz
1. What are SMART objectives?

2. How can safety and health practitioners
keep up to date with legal requirements?
©
RRC International
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF

RISK ASSESSMENT
©
RRC International
Legal Requirements
ILO Convention C155 Article 15.

Imposes a duty to ensure a workplace is,
so far as is reasonably practicable, without
risk to employees.
©
RRC International
Reasonable Practicability
“Reasonable practicability”:
– Balance of cost vs risk of harm.
– Cost is time, effort and money.
Basis of a risk assessment.
©
RRC International
Hazard and Risk
Hazard – something with the

potential to cause harm.
Risk – the likelihood that a

hazard will cause harm,
together with its severity.
©
RRC International
Whole Group Activity
In 5 minutes, identify as many hazards as

possible present in the training environment.
©
RRC International
Hazard Categories
Physical:
– E.g. electricity, noise, vibration, radiation,
machinery.
Chemical:
– E.g. mercury, solvents, carbon monoxide.
Biological:
– E.g. legionella bacteria, hepatitis.
Ergonomic:
– E.g. manual handling, repetitive tasks.
Psychological:
– E.g. stress, violence.
©
RRC International
Objectives of Risk Assessment
Prevent:
• Death and personal injury.
• Other types of loss incident.
• Breaches of statute law,
which might lead to
enforcement action and/or
prosecution.
• The direct and indirect costs
that follow on from
accidents.
©
RRC International
Types of Incident
• Accident.
• Injury accident.
• Damage-only accident.
• Near-miss.
• Dangerous occurrence.
• Work-related ill health.
©
RRC International
Relationship Between
Incident Types
Published by the Health and Safety Executive and licensed under the Open Government
Licence v1.0: (HSG245)
Hazard Near-Miss Injury
©
RRC International
Accident Ratios
Frank Bird Accident Triangle

©
RRC International
Risk-Assessors
• Competent people:
– Training, knowledge, experience.
• Team approach is beneficial:

– Workers familiar with tasks.
– H&S specialists.
– Technical specialists.
– Line managers.
– Worker safety representatives.
©
RRC International
Suitable and Sufficient
Risk Assessment
State the name/competence of assessor.
Identify significant hazards and risks.
Identify persons at risk.
– Workers and others, e.g. visitors and vulnerable.
Evaluate effectiveness of current controls.
Identify additional controls.
Enable employer to prioritise controls.
Record significant findings.
Appropriate to nature of work.
Proportionate to risks.
State validity period.
©
RRC International
The 5 Steps to Risk Assessment
©
RRC International
Step 1: Identify the Hazards
Safety Health
Physical injury: Occupational disease or
• Slips, trips and falls. ill health:
• Falling objects. • Physical.
• Collisions. • Chemical.
• Trapping/crushing. • Biological.
• Machinery. • Ergonomic.
• Electricity. • Psychological.
• Transport.
• Chemicals.
• Drowning.
• Asphyxiation.
• Fire/explosion.
• Animals.
©
• Violence.
RRC International
Hazard Identification
• Inspections of the workplace.

• Task analysis:
– Analyses job components before
the job starts.
• Legislation:
– Standards, guidance documents.
• Manufacturers’ information:
– Safe use, maintenance, cleaning.
• Incident data:
– Accidents, near-misses,
ill health.
©
RRC International
Task Analysis
S elect the task.

R ecord the stages of the task.
E valuate risks associated with each stage.
D evelop the safe working method.
I mplement the safe working method.
M onitor to ensure effectiveness.
©
RRC International
Step 2: Identify the People at Risk
• Workers/operators.
• Maintenance staff.
• Cleaners.
• Contractors.
• Visitors.
• Members of the public
(also trespassers).
©
RRC International
Vulnerable Groups
People at special risk:

• Young people.
• New or expectant mothers.
• Disabled workers.
• Lone workers.
©
RRC International
Step 3: Evaluate the Risk
What is risk?
It is a measure of the likelihood of harm
occurring and the severity of that harm.
Or, to put it more simply:
Risk = Likelihood × Severity
©
RRC International
The risk evaluation can be:

• Qualitative (based on
opinion)
Uses words to describe
likelihood and severity, e.g.
high, medium, low, etc.
• Semi-Quantitative
Uses words and numbers to
describe likelihood and
severity.
©
RRC International
Likelihood Severity
1 = extremely unlikely 1 = very minor
2 = unlikely 2 = first-aid injury
3 = possible 3 = lost-time injury
4 = likely 4 = hospital treatment
5 = very probable 5 = disabling injury
©
RRC International
Risk Assessment Matrix
©
RRC International
Semi-Quantitative Risk Evaluation
Advantages of semi-quantitative risk evaluation:
• Clarity of thinking.
• Consistency of approach.
• Prioritisation.
• Timescale.
Risk Rating Action and Timescales

15 and above Unacceptable
9 to 14 Tolerable
5 to 8 Tolerable (must be reduced to
below 5)
4 or below Acceptable
©
RRC International
Residual, Acceptable and
Tolerable Risk
If risk is unacceptable, more action is needed.
If risk is lower, it may be tolerable for a short
period of time.
If risk is acceptable, the risk is adequately
controlled.
©
RRC International
Guidance and Legal Standards
What does national law require?
• Sometimes, there are very clear
regulations and codes of practice
to be met.
• Often, there is no set standard in
law – but guidance may be
available.
• Can you think of who might
provide guidance?
©
RRC International
Guidance and Legal Standards
• International
standards.
• National legislation.
• Industry standards.
• Guidance from
regulators.
©
RRC International
General Control Hierarchy
• Remove the source of the risk -
Eliminate the hazard. the most effective option.
• Engineering solutions provide

Create a safe place. physical protection.
• Safe working methods - relies
Create a safe person. heavily on safe behaviour.
©
RRC International
General Control Hierarchy
E R I C Prevents Death (ERIC PD)
E liminate the hazard.
R educe or substitute the hazard.
I isolate (people from the hazard/ the hazard from
people).
C ontrol exposure (safe conditions, engineering,
procedures).
P ersonal protective equipment.
D iscipline (SSOW, training, supervision, enforcement).
©
RRC International
Priorities and Timescales
High-risk = high-priority actions.
Low-risk = low priority.
BUT risk and timescale are not the same:

Low-cost, easy actions should be taken, even
if low priority.
Medium priority still needs rapid action.
©
RRC International
Step 4: Record Significant Findings
Typical content:
• Activity/area assessed and hazards.
• Groups at risk.
• Evaluation of risks and adequacy of existing
control measures.
• Action plans for further precautions needed.
• Date and name of
competent person.
• Review date.
©
RRC International
Step 5: Review
Significant change in:
• Process.
• Substances.
• Equipment.
• Workplace environment.
• Personnel.
• Law.
If it is no longer valid:
• Accident.
• Near-miss.
• Ill health.
Periodically, e.g. annually.
©
RRC International
Group Syndicate Exercise
Lawn-mowing
Using task analysis, prepare a brief risk
assessment suggesting control measures to
reduce the risks involved with this activity.
Use the 5x5 risk matrix we covered earlier.
©
RRC International
Alternative Group Syndicate
Exercise
In groups, carry out a risk assessment on
these premises:
• Use Steps 1 to 4.
• Use a quantitative scoring system.
Present your findings to the other groups in
20 minutes.
©
RRC International
Young Persons
• Under 18 (national law).
• Lack of experience.
• Physical and mental maturity.
• Poor risk perception.
• Influenced by peer group.
• Eager.
• Control measures:
• Prohibit certain high-risk activities, e.g. high-risk
machinery.
• Restrict work patterns and hours, e.g. no overtime.
• Train and supervise.
©
RRC International
Expectant Women and Nursing
Mothers
Hazards:
• Certain chemicals, e.g. lead.
• Certain biological agents, e.g. rubella virus.
• Manual handling.
• Temperature extremes.
• Whole-body vibration.
• Ionising radiation.
• Night shifts.
• Stress.
©
RRC International
• Violence.
Disabled Workers
Identify:
• Health and fitness criteria for
some jobs:
– E.g. eyesight requirements to
drive forklift trucks.
• Workers with known
disabilities:
– What are the implications of
their disability?
©
RRC International
Lone Workers
Workers especially
vulnerable and more at risk:
• Of violence:
– E.g. prison officer, mental-
health nurse.
• If they are injured or ill:
– E.g. confined-space entry.
©
RRC International
End-of-Section Quiz
1. Define “hazard” and “risk”.

2. Define “accident”, “injury accident” and
“near-miss”.
3. What are the 5 steps to risk assessment?
4. What should a suitable and sufficient risk
assessment contain?
5. Who should be considered in a risk
assessment?
6. How is risk evaluated?
©
RRC International
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL

AND BASIC HIERARCHY OF
RISK-CONTROL MEASURES
©
RRC International
General Principles of Prevention
• Avoid risks.
• Evaluate risks that cannot be avoided.
• Control hazards at source.
• Adapt work to suit the individual.
• Adapt to technical progress.
• Replace dangerous with less/non-dangerous.
• Coherent/overall prevention policy.
• Give priority to collective protective measures.
• Give appropriate instructions to employees.
©
RRC International
Safe Place/Safe Person
Collective protective measures:
Protect the whole workplace and everyone
in it.
Safe place:
Design, selection and engineering
of premises, plant, machinery, equipment,
processes and substances. – Technical.
– Procedural.
Safe person: – Behavioural.
Competence of workers who
have received adequate information,
instruction and training and follow safe
systems of work.
©
RRC International
Technical, Procedural and
Behavioural Controls
Controls can be further classified as:
Technical:
– Equipment and engineered solutions.
Procedural:
– Safe systems of work, procedures, permits.
Behavioural:
– Training, awareness, competence.
©
RRC International
Hierarchy of Control
Elimination.
Substitution.
Engineering controls:
– Isolation, total enclosure.
– Separation, segregation.
– Partial enclosure.
– Safety devices.
Administrative controls:
– Safe systems of work.
– Reduced exposure.
– Reduced time of exposure, dose.
– Information, instruction, training and
supervision.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
©
RRC International
Hierarchy of Control
E liminate the hazard.
R educe or substitute the hazard.
I solate (people from hazard/ hazard from
people).
C ontrol exposure (engineering, procedures).

P ersonal protective equipment.
D iscipline (SSOW, training, supervision,
enforcement).
ERIC Prevents Death
©
RRC International
Worked Example – Cleaning the
Oven
Current chemical is corrosive (burns):
– Eliminate – don’t clean the oven? Buy a new
oven? Don’t use chemicals?
– Substitute the corrosive chemical for a less
hazardous one?
– Isolate – keep others out of the kitchen.
– Procedures – follow instructions on tin.
– PPE – wear gloves as per instructions.
©
RRC International
Group Syndicate Activity
You are the manager of a large, commercial

bakery. You have recently discovered that
flour dust can be harmful to the health of
your workers.
Flour is currently added by hand from sacks.
Assume no other controls are present
Using the hierarchy of control, identify
possible controls to reduce the risk of dust
inhalation.
©
RRC International
Alternative
Group Syndicate Activity
• You are the manager of a domestic
window-cleaning company.
• You are concerned by the potential for
injuries due to falls from height.
• Using the hierarchy of control, identify
possible controls to reduce the risk of falls.
©
RRC International
Safety Signs
Prohibition Warning Mandatory
Safe Condition Fire-Fighting Equipment
©
RRC International
Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE)
Employers should:
• Supply suitable PPE:
• Appropriate for risk.
• Ergonomic.
• Fits the wearer.
• Doesn’t increase overall risk.
• Complies with standards.
• Ensure compatibility of items.
• Suitable storage.
• Information, instruction and training.
• Enforce use of PPE.
• Replace or repair damaged or lost
items.
©
RRC International
Whole Group Exercise
Discuss the benefits and limitations of

PPE as a risk-control method.
©
RRC International
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Benefits of PPE Limitations of PPE
• Interim control. • Doesn’t remove hazard.
• Some situations – only • Only protects the wearer.
control option. • Requires good fit.
• Relies on wearer.
• Emergency back-up.
• Requires training.
• Cheap (short-term). • Uncomfortable.
• Immediate protection. • May increase overall risk.
• Incompatibility.
• Unpopular, so often unworn.
• Fails to danger.
• No good if wrongly selected.
• Contamination.
• Expensive long-term.
©
RRC International
End-of-Section Quiz
1. Outline the general hierarchy of control.
©
RRC International
SOURCES OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

INFORMATION
©
RRC International
Sources of Information
Sources can be
• internal, and
• external
to the organisation.
List all the internal and external sources you

can think of and discuss them.
©
RRC International
Sources of Information
Internal External
• Accident records. • National legislation.
• Medical records. • Safety data sheets.

• Codes of practice.
• Risk assessments.
• Guidance notes.
• Maintenance reports. • Operating instructions.
• Safety inspections. • Trade associations.
• Audit reports. • Safety publications.
• Safety-committee minutes.
©
RRC International
Source Organisations
International Labour Organisation (UN)
http://www.ilo.org
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA)

http://www.osha.gov
European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU)

http://agency.osha.eu.int
Health and Safety Executive (UK)

http://www.hse.gov.uk
Worksafe (Western Australia)

http://www.commerce.wa.gov.au/WorkSafe
©
RRC International
End-of-Section Quiz
1. What internal sources of health and safety

information are there within an
organisation?
2. What external sources of information are
there?
©
RRC International
DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING

SAFE SYSTEMS OF WORK
©
RRC International
Safe System of Work
Formal Systematic
Recorded Examination of work
Hazards Safe Methods

Identified Defined
©
RRC International
Roles and Responsibilities
Responsibility of the employer:

– Ensure SSoW are available for activities that
create significant risk, e.g. maintenance.
Role of competent persons:
– Developed by people who can identify and
control hazards.
Workers involvement:
– Active part in development of SSoW.
– Gains commitment, helps culture.
©
RRC International
Group Discussion Point
Why do you think it may be beneficial to have

written procedures?
©
RRC International
Written Procedures
Written procedures:
– Ensure consistency.
– Provide a basis for training.
– Establish a standard (can be checked).
– Provide a written record for incident
investigations/regulatory inspections.
Can be in many forms:
– Checklists.
– Short notes.
– Detailed manuals.
©
RRC International
Technical, Procedural and
Behavioural Controls
Safe system of work will contain:
• Technical controls.
– “things and stuff”.
– Equipment provided/engineering controls.
• Procedural controls:
– Often explain the correct use of technical
controls.
• Behavioural controls:
– How the workers behave.
– Training and supervision.
©
RRC International
Developing SSoW - PEME
People – competence, ability.

Equipment – plant, equipment, PPE.
Materials – substances, articles, waste.
Environment – space, lighting, heating.
©
RRC International
Developing Safe Systems of Work
©
RRC International
Worked example – The Steps In
Changing a Wheel
Step 1 – park the car in a safe location.
Step 2 – remove equipment from boot.
Step 3 – loosen wheel nuts.
Step 4 – jack up car.
Step 5 – remove wheel nuts.
Step 6 – replace wheel and wheel nuts.
Step 7 – lower car, remove jack.
Step 8 – tighten wheel nuts.
Step 9 – replace equipment in boot.
©
RRC International
Identifying Controls
For each step:

– First identify the hazards.
– Then identify the controls.
So, Step 1 (changing wheel) might have:

– Hazards – traffic, risk of violence.
– Controls – select location off-road if possible,
use hazard lights, if you feel area is unsafe/at
night or if vulnerable group, call recovery
service and stay in car.
©
RRC International
Group Discussion Activity
Suggest hazards and controls for each step of

the worked example “changing a wheel”.
©
RRC International
Introducing Controls and
Formulating Procedures
Often most difficult stage!
Consultation and engagement helps gain

buy-in from workers.
Allow concerns to be raised and addressed

during development.
©
RRC International
Instruction, Training and
Monitoring
Information, Instruction, Training and
Supervision (IITS)
May need detailed training in the SSoW.
Must monitor to ensure:

– SSoW is being applied correctly.
– SSoW is as safe as was intended!
©
RRC International
Optional Group Syndicate Activity
Using SREDIM, develop a simple safe system

of work for the task allocated to your group:
– Making a cup of tea.
– Making a batch of cement with a cement-
mixer.
– Painting a ceiling (emulsion).
©
RRC International
Specific Examples of SSoW
Confined spaces.
Using PEME
Lone working. principles,
what should
be included in
a SSoW for
each?
Travelling abroad.
©
RRC International
Confined Space
• Enclosed in nature
(ventilation will be
restricted and access/
egress may be difficult).
• One or more foreseeable
specified risks exist:
– Fire or explosion.
– Loss of consciousness from gas, fumes, vapour, lack of
oxygen.
– Drowning.
– Asphyxiation from free-flowing solid.
– Loss of consciousness from temperature.
©
RRC International
Confined-Space Control Measures
Do not work inside a confined space if possible.
Carry out a risk assessment.
Develop safe system of work.
Emergency arrangements.
Permit-to-work.
Trained personnel.
©
RRC International
Safe System of Work for
Confined Spaces
• Supervision. • Isolation, lock off of
• Competency. electrical/mechanical
hazards.
• Communication.
• Atmospheric • PPE.
testing/monitoring. • Access/egress.
• Ventilation. • Fire prevention.
• Removal of residues. • Lighting.
• Isolation, lock off of • Suitability of
in-feeds and out-feeds. individuals.
• Emergency/rescue
procedures.
©
RRC International
Lone Workers
“Workers who are separated from their work

colleagues.”
Lack assistance if things go wrong.
Communication with colleagues more difficult, i.e:
– Out of eyesight.
– Out of earshot.
©
RRC International
Group Discussion
Give as many examples of lone workers as

you can in 1 minute.
©
RRC International
Lone Working Examples
Maintenance workers.
Service engineers, e.g. gas, appliance.
Garage forecourt attendants.
Trainers/tutors.
Security guards.
Receptionists (sometimes).
Social workers/carers.
Health visitors/district nurses.
Painters/decorators.
Sales representatives (on the road).
©
RRC International
Safe System of Work for Lone
Working
No lone working for high-risk activities, e.g. confined spaces.
Remote supervision.
Logging workers’ locations.
Mobile phones or radios.
Lone-worker alarm systems.
Procedures for lone workers.
Emergency procedures.
Training for workers.
©
RRC International
Working and Travelling Abroad
Not the same as a holiday!

– Brings additional hazards.
Risks when travelling related to:
– Security.
– Health.
Workers may also be “lone workers”.
Some areas are not recommended for travel –
see local websites, e.g. FCO at:
http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-
advice-by-country/
©
RRC International
Working Abroad
Employers have a duty to workers whom they send
to work abroad and should provide:
• Pre- and post-visit briefings.
• Insurance.
• Health advice and vaccinations.
• Financial arrangements.
• Security training and advice.
• Cultural requirements advice.
• Accommodation.
• In-country travel.
• Emergency arrangements.
©
RRC International
• 24-hour contacts.
Standards for Safe Systems of Work
Safe Work in Confined Spaces

UK HSE ACoP L101
Safety in the Global Village

IOSH information sheet (1999)
©
RRC International
End-of-Section Quiz
1. What is a safe system of work?
2. Who is responsible for developing safe
systems of work?
3. What are the advantages of a written
procedure over a verbal one?
4. What are the key steps in carrying out a
task analysis before developing a safe
system of work (SREDIM)?
5. What controls might be implemented to
ensure the safety of lone-working social
workers?
©
RRC International
PERMIT-TO-WORK SYSTEMS
©
RRC International
Permit-to-Work Systems
A formal, documented safety procedure, forming
part of a safe system of work.
Typical applications:
• Hot work (involving naked flames,
or creation of ignition sources).
• High-voltage electrical systems.
• Confined-space entry.
• Operational pipelines.
• Excavation near buried services.
• Complex machinery.
• Working at height.
©
RRC International
Permit-to-Work
Consists of 4 elements:
1. Issue.
2. Receipt.
3. Clearance/return to
service.
4. Cancellation.
May also be an extension.

©
RRC International
Permit-to-Work System
• Issue – Pre-Job Checks

– Description of work to be carried out.
– Description of plant and location.
– Identify hazards and assess risks.
– Identification of controls.
– Additional permits, e.g. hot work.
– Isolation of services.
– PPE.
– Emergency procedures.
©
RRC International
Receipt – handover of permit:

– Competent and authorised person issues
permit to workers.
– Workers sign to say they accept controls.
Work can now start:
Plant is now under the control of the workers.
©
RRC International
Clearance – return to service:

– Workers sign to say they have left the
workplace in safe condition, work is complete
and operations can resume.
Cancellation:
– Authorised person accepts plant back and can
remove isolations, etc. Cancels permit.
Plant is now returned to the control of the
“site”.
©
RRC International
Importance of Permit Control
Poorly-implemented
permits are useless.
Piper Alpha disaster was
the failure of a permit-to-
work system.
Government Licence v1.0
People must be trained in (http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/
doc/open-government-licence/)
use.
Permits never issued from
a desk.
System must be
monitored.
©
RRC International
Hot-Work Controls
Remove flammable materials.

Fire-retardant blankets/screens.
Floor swept of debris.
Floors damped down, if necessary.
Fire extinguishers at hand.
“Fire-watcher” present.
Post-work checks to ensure
no smouldering embers.
©
RRC International
Work on Live Electrical Systems
Work must be justified:

– Not possible to work dead.
Precautions are in place.
Workers are competent.
©
RRC International
Confined Spaces
Risk assessment by competent person.

Controls implemented (already covered).
Safe system of work.
Emergency arrangements.
©
RRC International
Machinery Maintenance
Work is carefully planned and controlled:

– May be several people working.
Hazards are communicated.
Services are isolated and locked off.
Stored energy is released.
Workers are competent.
©
RRC International
Work at Height
Avoidance, if possible.
Prevention of falls by using:
– Safe platform with adequate edge-protection.
Minimise distance and consequence of fall:
– PPE and fall-arrest devices.
Weather conditions considered:
– Wind, ice/snow.
©
RRC International
End-of-Section Quiz
1. What types of work require a permit-to-

work?
2. What are the key features of a permit-to-
work document?
3. What are the main limitations of a permit-
to-work system?
©
RRC International

IGC1 Element 4

Cargado por

Información del documento

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

IGC1 Element 4

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Management of International

Health and Safety

THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING

• 3rd Step in ILO-OHS

• Specific - clearly defined, precise.

Give an example of an objective that isn’t

Now give a SMART alternative.

Setting objectives requires consideration of:

Requires consideration of:

1. What are SMART objectives?

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF

ILO Convention C155 Article 15.

Basis of a risk assessment.

Hazard – something with the

Risk – the likelihood that a

In 5 minutes, identify as many hazards as

Hazard Near-Miss Injury

Frank Bird Accident Triangle

• Team approach is beneficial:

• Inspections of the workplace.

S elect the task.

People at special risk:

Or, to put it more simply:

Risk = Likelihood × Severity

The risk evaluation can be:

1 = extremely unlikely 1 = very minor

2 = unlikely 2 = first-aid injury

3 = possible 3 = lost-time injury

4 = likely 4 = hospital treatment

5 = very probable 5 = disabling injury

Risk Rating Action and Timescales

• Engineering solutions provide

High-risk = high-priority actions.

Low-risk = low priority.

BUT risk and timescale are not the same:

1. Define “hazard” and “risk”.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL

C ontrol exposure (engineering, procedures).

You are the manager of a large, commercial

Prohibition Warning Mandatory

Safe Condition Fire-Fighting Equipment

Discuss the benefits and limitations of

1. Outline the general hierarchy of control.

SOURCES OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

List all the internal and external sources you

• Medical records. • Safety data sheets.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA)

European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU)

Health and Safety Executive (UK)

Worksafe (Western Australia)

1. What internal sources of health and safety

DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING

Hazards Safe Methods

Responsibility of the employer:

Why do you think it may be beneficial to have

People – competence, ability.

For each step:

So, Step 1 (changing wheel) might have:

Suggest hazards and controls for each step of

Consultation and engagement helps gain

Allow concerns to be raised and addressed

May need detailed training in the SSoW.

Must monitor to ensure:

Using SREDIM, develop a simple safe system