Example Applications of Rough

Sets Theory – A Survey

Christopher Chretien
Laurentian University
Sudbury, Ontario
Canada
October 2002
Introduction

 Research on the application of Rough

Sets Theory
 Discovering possible areas of application
 Further understanding of Rough Sets
Theory usage
References
 Lixiang Shen, Francis E. H. Tay, Liangsheng Qu and Yudi Shen (2000), Fault
Diagnosis using Rough Sets Theory , Computers in Industry, vol. 43, Issue 1, 1
August 2000, pp.61-72.,
URL:www.geocities.com/roughset/Fault_diagnosis_using_rough_sets_theory.pdf
 Israel E. Chen-Jimenez, Andrew Kornecki, Janusz Zalewski, Software Safety
Analysis Using Rough Sets,
URL:http://www-ece.engr.ucf.edu/~jza/classes/6885/rough.ps
 Francis E. H. Tay and Lixiang Shen (2002), Economic and Financial Prediction
using Rough Sets Model , European Journal of Operational Research 141,
pp.643-661, URL:http://www.geocities.com/roughset/EJOR.pdf
 Pawan Lingras (2001), Unsupervised Rough Set Classification Using GAs Journal
of Intelligent Information Systems, 16, 215–228, found on: CiteSeer,
URL:http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/cs
 Rapp, S., Jessen, M. and Dogil, G. (1994). Using Rough Sets Theory to Predict
German Word Stress. in: Nebel, B. and Dreschler-Fischer, L. (Eds.) KI-94:
Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 861,
Springer-Verlag, URL:www.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/~rapp/ki94full.ps
Fault Diagnosis using Rough Sets
Theory

 Diagnosis of a valve fault for a multi-

cylinder diesel engine
 Rough Sets Theory is used to analyze
the decision table composed of attributes
extracted from the vibration signals
Fault Diagnosis using Rough Sets
Theory

 4 states are studied among the signal

characteristics
 Normal state
 Intake valve clearance is too small

 Intake valve clearance is too large

 Exhaust valve clearance is too large

Fault Diagnosis using Rough Sets
Theory

 3 sampling points selected to collect

vibration signals
 1st cylinder head
 2nd cylinder head

 centre of the piston stroke on the surface of

the cylinder block
Fault Diagnosis using Rough Sets
Theory
Fault Diagnosis using Rough Sets
Theory
Fault Diagnosis using Rough Sets
Theory
Fault Diagnosis using Rough Sets
Theory

 6 attributes
 Frequency domain attributes: IF, CG
 Time domain attributes: IT, σ, Dx, α4

 18 attributes for decision table

 1 decision attribute with 4 possible
values based on states
Software Safety Analysis using
Rough Sets

 Investigates the safety aspects of

computer software in safety-critical
applications
 Assessment of software safety using
qualitative evaluations
Software Safety Analysis using
Rough Sets
 Use of checklists to collect data on
software quality
 Waterfall model
 Project Planning
 Specification of requirements
 Design
 Implementation and integration
 Verification and validation
 Operation and maintenance
Software Safety Analysis using
Rough Sets
Software Safety Analysis using
Rough Sets
Software Safety Analysis using
Rough Sets

 8 student teams developing safety-

related software
 Device control over the internet
 Elevator controller

 Air traffic control system

 System satellite control system

Software Safety Analysis using
Rough Sets

 150 questions about the first 5 phases of

the waterfall model
 Overall safety level for 6 of the 8 projects
was around 60%
Economic and Financial Prediction
using Rough Sets Model

 Applications of Rough Sets model in

economic and financial prediction
 Emphasis on main areas of business
failure prediction, database marketing
and financial investment
Economic and Financial Prediction
using Rough Sets Model

 Business failure prediction

 ETEVA
 Database Marketing
 Financial Investment
 TSE
Economic and Financial Prediction
using Rough Sets Model
Economic and Financial Prediction
using Rough Sets Model
Using Rough Set Theory to Predict
German Word Stress

 Prediction of German word stress by

extracting symbolic rules from sample
data
 Symbolic rules are induced with a
machine learning approach based on
Rough Sets Theory
Using Rough Set Theory to Predict
German Word Stress

 Variable Precision Rough Sets Model

 An elementary class belongs to RβX iff a
(100% - β) majority of it’s elements belongs
to X
 An elementary class does not belong to
URβX iff a (100% - β) majority of its
elements does not belong to X
Using Rough Set Theory to Predict
German Word Stress

 Corpus
 Monomorphemic words
 At least 2 non-schwa syllables

 Nouns

 242 words
Using Rough Set Theory to Predict
German Word Stress

 Attributes: Typ, Onset, Hoeche, Laenge,

Spannung, Coda
 36 attributes in total
 Attributes aligned ‘from right to left’
 Decision attribute with possible values of
final, penult and antepenult
Using Rough Set Theory to Predict
German Word Stress

 1st experiment
 Stress assignment operates from right to left
 2nd experiment
 Estimate predictive accuracy
 3rd experiment
 Remove length information
Unsupervised Rough Set
Classification using GAs

 Rough Set classification using Genetic

Algorithms
 Highway classification based on
predominant usage
Unsupervised Rough Set
Classification using GAs

 Applications of GAs
 Job shop scheduling
 Training neural nets

 Image feature extraction

 Image feature identification

Unsupervised Rough Set
Classification using GAs
Unsupervised Rough Set
Classification using GAs
Unsupervised Rough Set
Classification using GAs
Unsupervised Rough Set
Classification using GAs
Unsupervised Rough Set
Classification using GAs
 Rough Set classification scheme
1. Both uh and uk are in the same lower
approximation A(Xi).
2. Object uh is in a lower approximation and
uk is in the corresponding upper
approximation UA(Xi)
3. Both uh and uk are in the same upper
approximation
Unsupervised Rough Set
Classification using GAs
 Total error of rough set classification is the
weighted sum of these errors
Unsupervised Rough Set
Classification using GAs

 Rough classification of highways

 PTC sites
 Roads classified on the basis of trip
purposes and trip length characteristics
 Classes: commuter, business, long distance
and recreational highways
 Traffic patterns: hourly, daily, monthly
Unsupervised Rough Set
Classification using GAs

 Experiment
 264 monthly traffic patterns on Alberta
highways (1987-1991)
 Rough genome consisted of 264 genes

 Classes: commuter/business, long distance,

recreational
Conclusion

 Triggering a better understanding of

Rough Sets Theory
 Opening eyes to different fields of
application