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What is Proposition?
Statements explaining the logical linkage
among certain concepts by asserting a
universal connection between concepts.
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Purposes of Hypotheses
1. Provide a bridge between theory and
reality
2. Enable researcher to objectively enter
new areas of discovery
3. Provide direction for any research
endeavor by tentatively identifying the
anticipated outcome
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Nature of Hypothesis
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Moderating Variables (MV)
• Moderating Variables are Independent
variables that are believed to have a significant
contributory or contingent effect on the
originally stated IV-DV relationship.
• The introduction of a four-day week (IV) will lead to
higher productivity (DV), especially among younger
workers (MV)
Extraneous Variables (EV)
• Extraneous Variables are variables
that could conceivably affect a
given relationship.
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Mediating Variable
• An Mediating variable(MV) or
Intervening Variable (IVV) is a factor
that affects the observed
phenomenon but cannot be
manipulated.
DEVELOPING CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
The conceptual framework describes and explains the
concepts to be used in the study, their relationships with
each other, and how they are to be measured.
Developing conceptual framework requires five main
steps:
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Problem Statement & Variables
Problem statements that include more than
one independent or dependent variables
may be broken down into subproblems that
are not concise.
Variables are not inherently
independent or dependent.
A variable that is classified as independent in
one study may be considered dependent in
another study.
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Testability
The statement of the research problem
must imply that the problem is testable, i.e.
measurable by either quantitative or
qualitative methods.
Service Customer
quality switching
Switching
cost
Exercise
Give the hypotheses for the following framework: