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Fluids
Liquid (hydraulic)
Gas (pneumatic)
Centrifugal
Reciprocating
Pressure head=p g h
The fluid flow rate of these pumps ranges from 0.1 and
15,000 gpm, the pressure head ranges between 10 and
100,000 psi and specific speed is less than 500
Clearances are
generally 10 microns
sliding vane- can run dry for short periods of time and can
handle small amounts of vapor
flexible vane- can handle only the small solids but create
good vacuum
external vane - can handle large solids
2. Number of ports:
• Two- way valves
• Three – way valves
• Four- way valves.
4. Actuating mechanism:
• Manual actuation
• Mechanical actuation
• Solenoid actuation
• Hydraulic actuation
• Pneumatic actuation
• Indirect actuation
Valve closed
When no load-
high flow rate and low pressure-
just overcome friction
Require DCV
And FCV
Manual operation required for varying actuators stroke
speed
P= pre x Q Watts
=pghxQ ; p=density
=yQH
y= specific weight N/m3
1m3=1000 L