Integrantes:

 Milton Chasillacta C.
 Bryan Chauca V.
 A
 A
Tutor:
 Ing. Diego Roberto Morillo Sosa
Mediciones
Clasificación en función
del Instrumento
En Función del instrumento

Instrumentos Instrumentos Instrumentos

Ciegos Indicadores Registradores

No tienen indicación visible Disponen de índice y una Con trazo continuo o a

de la variable escala graduada (leer valor puntos. Pueden ser
de la variable). circulares o linelaes
Indicadores digitales en
forma numérica
Elementos Primarios
Contacto directo con la variable para dar al Sistema de medición una
indicación a la variación de la variable

Transmisores
Captan la variable del proceso a través del elemento primario y la
transmiten a distancia e forma eléctrica o neumática

Transductores
Reciben una señal de entrada físicas y la convierten modificada en
una señal de salida. Como: Relé, elemento primario, transmisor, etc
 Convertidores Receptores Controladores Elemento Final de
Control
Aparatos que reciben Reciben las señales Comparan la variable Recibe la señal de
una señal eléctrica o procedentes de los controlada con un valor control y modifica su
neumática para transmisores y las deseado y ejercen una salida
modificarla y enviarla registran acción correctiva
como una señal
estándar
Medidas
MEDIDA
 La medida esta entre las primeras herramientas
inventadas por el ser humano y estas se basaron en
partes del cuerpo humano y los alrededores naturales
como instrumentos de medición

 Desde el principio de los tiempos han existidos la

necesidad de utilizar instrumentos que permitan la
automatización de los procesos, los instrumentos de
medición han pasado a ser parte fundamental en las
industrias.
MEDIDA

 La medida es una
cantidad estandarizada
de una determinada
magnitud física, definida
y adoptada por
convención o por ley.
 TIPOS DE MEDIDA
 Directa: es aquella que se obtiene con un instrumento
de medida que compara la variable a medir con patrón
por ejemplo un metro

 Indirecta: es aquella en la que una magnitud buscada se

estima midiendo una o mas magnitudes diferentes, y se
calcula la magnitud buscada mediante cálculos, por
ejemplo la velocidad
 CARACTERÍSTICAS
 Campos de medida: es el conjunto de valores de la
variable medida que esta comprendido de los limites
superiores o inferiores de la capacidad de medida por
ejemplo una regla de 0-30 cm

 Alcance: es la diferencia algebraica entre los valores

superiores e inferiores del campo de medida del
instrumento. Por ejemplo 5 m
 CARACTERÍSTICAS
 Error: desviación que presenta las medidas practicas de
una variable de proceso con relación a las medidas
teóricas o ideales, suelen ser imperfecciones del
aparato.
 Valor medido – valor ideal
 Incertidumbre de medida: es una estimación del rango
de valores que contiene el valor verdadero de la
cantidad medida. Ejemplo la lectura de diferentes de
instrumentos realizados por operadores.
 CARACTERÍSTICAS
 Exactitud: es la cualidad de un instrumento de medida
por la que tiende a dar las lecturas próximas al valor
verdadero de la magnitud medida.

 Precisión: es la capacidad de un instrumento a dar

lecturas muy próximas a otras, es decir, el grado de
dispersión de las mismas.
 CARACTERÍSTICAS
 Zona muerta: Es el rango de valores de la variable que
no hacen varían la indicación o la señal de salida del
instrumento, es decir, que no produce respuesta.

 Sensibilidad: Es la razón entre el incremento de la

lectura y el incremento de la variable que lo ocasiona,
después de haberse alcanzado el estado de reposo
 CARACTERÍSTICAS
 Repetibilidad: Capacidad de reproducción de las
posiciones de la señal de salida de un instrumento al
medir repetidamente valores idénticos en las mismas
condiciones.

 Histéresis: es la diferencia máxima que se observa en

los valores de la salida para el mismo valor del campo
de medida, cuando la variable recorre toda la escala en
los dos sentidos, ascendente y descendente.
Datos
Significado
Los datos son números, letras o símbolos que describen
objetos, condiciones o situaciones. Son el conjunto
básico de hechos referentes a una persona, cosa o
transacción de interés para distintos objetivo, entre los
cuales se encuentra la toma de decisiones.
Los datos indican condiciones o situaciones que por sí
solos no aportan ninguna información importante, es
en conjunto de la observación y la experiencia que un
dato puede tomar cierto valor
Son atributos pertenecientes a cualquier ente, pues
una utilidad muy significativa de los datos es que se
pueden emplear en estudios comparativos.
Tipos de datos

Los tipos de datos es la forma en que se clasifican para

ser usados para la generación de un proceso, programa
o instrucción.
Los tipos de datos se clasifican en:
• Datos numéricos
• Datos alfanuméricos
• Datos lógicos
NUMÉRICOS
Son todos los tipos de números sean ellos enteros,
decimales, reales o exponenciales.
Los datos numéricos pueden incluir signos positivo y
negativo (+ y -) y un separador decimal. Datos en
notación exponencial (científica), utilice la letra E, como
en 3.2E12.
ALFANUMERICOS
Son caracteres alfabéticos, numéricos o especiales que no son usados para
operaciones matemáticas. También se incluye lo que se llaman cadenas que
son datos más extensos como, por ejemplo, la dirección de alguien.
se compone de números, letras y otros tipos de símbolos. En concreto, la
noción alude a la combinación de letras del alfabeto romano (también
llamado alfabeto latino), números arábigos y otros caracteres.
DATOS LÓGICOS
El tipo de dato lógico o booleano es en computación aquel que
puede representar valores de lógica binaria, esto es 2 valores,
valores que normalmente representan falso o verdadero. Se utiliza
normalmente en la programación, estadística, electrónica,
matemáticas (Álgebra booleana), etc.
Responden a la pregunta con un verdadero (true) o falso (false).
Errores
Bibliografía

Fuentes bibliográficas

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