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CT-4110(4-3-3)
Pre-requisite: Microprocessors
Chapter-1
Introduction to Interfacing
Techniques
2
Outline
Definition and Components of
interface
Classification of Data Transfer
Schemes
Program controlled transfer
4
contd.
5
Contd.
6
Why interfacing: Contd.
Electrical and Mechanical Compatibility
Electrical compatibility must be ensured
before any thought of connecting two devices
occurs.
Often the two devices have input and output
signals that do not match; if so,the interface
serves to match the electrical levels of these
signals before the physical connections are
made.
Mechanical compatibility simply means that
the connector plugs must fit together
properly.
Why interfacing: Contd.
Data Compatibility
Just as two people must speak a common
language, the computer and peripheral must
agree upon the form and meaning of data
before communicating it.
As a programmer one of the most difficult
compatibility requirement to fulfill before
exchanging data is that the format and
meaning of the data being Sent is identical to
that anticipated by the receiving device.
Why interfacing: Contd.
Timing Compatibility
Since all devices do not have standard data-
transfer rates, nor do they always agree as to
when the transfer will take place. a consensus
between sending and receiving device must
be made. If the sender and receiver can
agree on both the transfer rate and beginning
point (in time), the process can be made
readily.
Why interfacing: Contd.
Timing Compatibility
Since all devices do not have standard data-
transfer rates, nor do they always agree as to
when the transfer will take place. a consensus
between sending and receiving device must
be made. If the sender and receiver can
agree on both the transfer rate and beginning
point (in time), the process can be made
readily.
Interface Definition
11
contd.
12
Contd.
13
Contd.
Internal
Interconnection
For a PC
Interconnection
standard External
Interconnection
15
Peripheral Devices
A peripheral device is an internal or external
device that connects to a computer but does not
contribute to the computer’s primary function.
It helps end users access and use the
functionalities of a computer.
Types of peripheral devices
1. Input devices, such as a keyboard, a mouse
2. Output devices, such as a monitor and a printer
3. Storage devices, such as a hard drive or flash
drive.
Contd. Peripheral Devices
I/O devices are very different (i.e. keyboard
and HDD performs totally different functions,
yet they are both part of the I/O subsystem).
For having an interface the microprocessor
system should generate or receive data
signal, control signal and address signals.
Each I/O device needs to be connected to:
Address bus – to pass address to peripheral
Data bus – to pass data to and from peripheral
Control bus – to control signals to peripherals
18
MODERN I/O DEVICES
1. PRINTER
2. MONITOR
3. KEYBOARD
4. AUDIO SPEAKER
5. DVD DRIVE
6. Touch screen
7. Keypad
INPUT AND OUTPUT PORTS
1. USB Port
2. Parallel Port
3. Serial Port
Different possible Interfacing
Applications
1. Man- machine interface development
21
Contd.
2. Robotics:
- stepper motor (rotate)
3. Traffic Light Control System
4.PC peripheral interfacing
-Printer interfacing
-Hard disk interfacing
-Floppy disk interfacing
-Modem interfacing
-NIC interfacing
22
Contd.
5. Home Appliances
-Microwave Oven
-Vacuum cleanse
-Door controllers with security System
-TV/DVD
-Mobile Phone
6.Hospitals
-Ultra sound scanners
-MRI/CT scanners
-Tele medicin
23
Contd.
7. Defense:
-Missiles
-Tanks
-Aircrafts
-Radars etc….
24
Interfacing ckt components
25
Interfacing ckt components
28
Contd.
29
I/O Device Interface
An I/O device interface is a circuit between
a device and the interconnection network
Provides the means for data transfer and
32
Contd.
33
Classification of Data Transfer schemes
Polled Vectored
Interrupts Interrupts
34
Programmed Data Transfer
35
Contd.
36
Programmed Data Transfer
37
Synchronous data transfer scheme
38
Asynchronous data transfer scheme
40
Interrupt driven data transfer scheme
42
Contd.
43
Contd.
44
Contd.
No
Check
for Restore the processor status
interrupt
Yes
45
Contd.
46
Types of Interrupts
External interrupts
Internal interrupts
Software interrupts
Hardware interrupts
47
Contd.
48
Contd.
49
Contd.
50
Hardware interrupts
51
Classification of Interrupts
53
contd.
54
contd.
55
contd.
56
DMA Data Transfer
57
DMA Data Transfer
58
Contd.
59
Contd.
64
DMA Data Transfer
65
Demand transfer mode DMA
66
Burst mode DMA
69
Interrupt Process in Microcomputer
8085 µp
The microprocessor can be programmed to perform
functions on given data by writing specific instructions
into its memory.
-The microprocessor reads one instruction at a time,
matches it with its instruction set, and performs the
data manipulation specified.
-The result is either stored back into memory or
displayed on an output device.
70
Contd.
71
Contd.
72
Contd.
73
Contd.
74
The 8085 Interrupt
75
Contd.
76
Contd.
77
Contd.(The 8085 Interrupts)
INTR Yes No
TRAP No Yes
78
Contd.
79
Contd.
80
Contd.
81
Contd.
82
Contd.
83
Contd.
84
Contd.
85
Contd.
86
Contd.
87
Contd.
88
RIM(Read Interrupt MASK)
90
Contd.
91
Contd.
92
Contd.
93
Exercise
94
Solution
EI dcr c
Mvi A,0B jnz up
SIM RET
mvi c, 12h
Lxi h,2045h
Lxi d, 2091h
Up:mov a,M
Stax d
Inx h
Inx d 95
Contd.
96
Contd.
97