International Project Competition 2017

Wireless Resonance Power Transfer By

Superposing Magnetic Fields For
Reducing Batteries and Other Electronic
Wastes
A presentation by Kiran Adhikari and Larissa Morais
Jacobs University, Germany
 What is e-waste?
All the electronic devices which are not being used
anymore and given away to:
 Salvage
 Resale
 Recycle
 Problems

 Electronic waste exported legally and illegally

from developed countries to developing
countries

 Poor infrastructure in developing countries

 Child labor
E-Waste dumping sites in Asia
Agbogbloshie, Ghan
Guiyu, China
Karachi, Pakistan.
 Effects

 Major global ecological impacts

 Water, air, soil pollution and human

exploitation
 Battery waste
 Both rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries
convert chemical energy to electrical energy thus
contain heavy metals and toxic chemicals.

 Even though electronic wastes like dead batteries

account for only 2 percent of total trash in landfills,
it accounts for more than 70 percent of its toxic
garbage.
 Battery Waste Effects
 Cadmium, lead, mercury, copper, zinc, manganese,
lithium, or potassium, which are all hazardous to the
environment and also to human health.

 Example: Cadmium, found on many types of

batteries, on soil can affect the break down of
organic matter by damaging soil microorganisms.
When it mixes with water, it can bioaccumulate in fish
affecting their health.
 Our proposal

 Reuse and recycle only attack the symptoms not

the cause.

 Our idea: Wireless power transfer

 What is wireless power transfer?
 Wireless power transfer is the transmission of
energy without wires using time varying electric,
magnetic, or electromagnetic field.
Transmitter

Power source

Impedance
Matching Networks

Receiver
 Biot-Savart law:

 Maxwell-Faraday equation:

 Faraday’s law of induction:

 For n numbers of magnetic coils , total magnetic

flux at a point r is given by linear combination of
each magnetic flux:
 Couple-Mode Model
Using coupled-mode theory to describe this
physical system, we obtain the following set of
linear equations:

While calculating efficiency, one can find that

efficiency is maximized when the source and
device are in resonant:

This is commonly referred to as the strong

coupling regime. Resonance plays an essential
role in this power transfer mechanism, as the
efficiency is improved by approximately 10^6
times than non-resonant objects.
 Relationship between efficiency of power
transfer and distance between source and
devices
 Couple-Resonator

Equivalent circuit for the coupled resonator

system.
The maximized efficiency is given by:

Where, U is figure-merit of system given

by:
Optimum efficiency of energy transfer as a
function of the figure-of- merit, U
 Superposition of magnetic-fields
Suppose there are x1, x2,....., xn transmitter coils’ magnetic fields and y1,
y2, .....,ym receiver coils. The relation between them is described by
equation:

Yj = aj1x1 + aj2x2 + ........ + ajnxn for j ∈ [1,m]

The overall system can be described by matrix: Y = AX

Where, matrix elements are: YT = [y1, y2,......, yn] and XT = [x1, x2,...., xn]
The matrix A contains information about position and angle from
transmitter coil to receiver coil which can be obtained via
indirect methods like blue-tooth technology. Once the matrix A is
obtained, the power transfer system can be efficiently optimized.
Massive-MIMO representation from
Communication theory
Feasibility and Impact analysis

Experimental setup with coils, Tesla-meter and Cassy

Magnetic field measured on dependence of
position at constant coil current of 3.5A
Magnetic field measured on dependence of
coil current at constant position of 15cm
 Why this method?
 Provides actual framework for transferring power within mid-range distances
for movable electronic devices.
 Better than using optical techniques of power transfer because there is no
necessity of complicated accurate alignment between transmitter and receiver
 Better than non-radiative power transfer as power transmission over larger
distances is possible
 Takes human safety into consideration: This method uses oscillating magnetic
fields for wireless power transfer so with proper electromagnetic analysis, the
devices can be designed such that electric and magnetic fields can be kept
below human safety limits.
 Since this method is attacking the cause of Battery and electrical wire waste,
it is also superior than other techniques like reuse and recycle of electronic
waste.
Possible solution for electric cars batteries problems.
 References:
 Ahmed, S., Tanveer, S. (2003, Spring). Electronic Waste, Addressing the
future Today. Retrieved March 2017

 Covic, G., Boys, J. (2015). Wireless power Transfer: Introduction and

History. Retrieved May 2017

 Gopinath, A. (2013, August). All About Transferring Power Wirelessly.

Retrieved March 2017

 Hai-Yong, Kang., Schoenung, J. M. (2015, December).

Electronic waste recycling: A review of U.S. infrastructure and
technology options. Department of Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science, University of California, One Shields
Avenue, 3118 Bainer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Volume 45,
Issue 4, December 2005, Pages 368400
 References:

 Kumar A., Gayathri, H., Gowda, B., Yashwanth. (2014, May). WiTricity:
Wireless Power Transfer by Non-Radiative Method. International Journal of
Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 11 Number 6

 Morris P. Kesler. (2017). Highly Resonant Wireless Power Transfer.

Retrieved April 2017

 Stanimir S., Valtchev., Elena N., Baikova., Luis R., Jorge. (2012, December).
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD AS THE WIRELESS TRANSPORTER OF
ENERGY. Elec. Energ. Vol. 25, No 3, pp. 171 181

 The 4th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and

Exposition (ECCE 2012), Raleigh, NC., 5-20 September 2012.
In Conference Proceedings, 2012, p.3819-3824
 Thank you!

“It is not easy being green, but with Wireless it will

be a lot easier.”

Any question?