Flexible AC

Transmission
Systems
Roll No 16223
 What is FACTS?

• The FACTS technology is a collection of

controllers, which can be applied individually or
in coordination with others to control one or
more of the interrelated system parameters,
such as series impedance, shunt impedance,
current, voltage, and damping of oscillations.
 FACTS controller
• Shunt connected controllers
• Series connected controllers
• Combined shunt and series connected
controllers
• Combined series-series controllers
 Definitions of FACTS controllers

1) Shunt controllers
The shunt controllers may be
variable impedance connected
to the line voltage causes a
variable current flow hence
represents injection of current
into the line.
2) Series connected controllers
The series controller could be a variable impedance or a
variable source both are power electronics based. In
principle, all series controllers inject voltage in series
with the line.

3) Combined shunt and series connected controllers

The combination could be separated series and shunt
controllers or a unified power flow controller
Combined series-series controllers
 TYPE OF FACT DEVICES
1) Static Var Compensator
It is a shunt type controller which controls the power flow in
transmission system and improves the transient stability of power grids.
This controller regulates the voltage at its terminals by controlling .
2) Thyristor controlled Reactor (TCR)
It is a shunt connected static var absorber or generator.
It consists of a fixed reactor in series with bidirectional
thyristor switches

3) Thyristor Switched Capacitor

(TSCIt consists of a shunt connected capacitor
which is connected in series with thyristor
switches.
 4) STATCOM
STATCOM means static synchronous compensator and it has no inertia as it is
an electronic device.
5) Static Series Synchronous Compensator
(SSSC)
It is a series version of STATCOM and it is an advanced kind of controler.
6) Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
UPFC is the combination of STATCOM and
SSSC
7) Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor
(TCSC)
It is a capacitive reactance compensator. It consists of a series capacitor bank
which connected in parallel with a thyristor controlled reaactor

8)Thyristor Switched Series Capacitor (TSSC)

 Similar to TCSC, it is also a capacitive reactance compensator consisting of
thyristor switched reactor in parallel with a series capacitor.

9) Thyristor Controlled Series Reactor

(TCSR)
It is an inductive reactance compensator which consists of a series reactor in
parallel w
10) Thyristor Switched Series Reactor (TSSR)
Similar to TCSR, TSSR
11) Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC)
It consists of a number of converters which are
connected with a common DC link
12) Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifting Transformer
(TCPST)
It is a variable phase angle controller, which consists of thyristors and
phase shifting transformer.