SEMINAR

ON
SOLAR ENERGY

PRESENTED BY
SK. MO NJUR AHMED
05/CHE/40

OF
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
 Solar Energy:
The Ultimate Renewable
Resource
WHAT IS Solar Energy .
PV cell & Solar thermal dish.
Heating Water & Living Space.
Conclusions.
Questions?
 What is Solar Energy?
 Originates with the
thermonuclear fusion
reactions occurring in
the sun.
 Represents the entire
electromagnetic
radiation (visible
light, infrared,
ultraviolet, x-rays,
and radio waves).
1. Solar Photovoltaic (PV)
Energy
 Light & the Photovoltaic Effect
 Certain semiconductor materials absorb
certain wavelengths
• The shorter the wavelength the greater the
energy
• Ultraviolet light has more energy than infrared
light
 Crystalline silicon
• Utilizes all the visible spectrum plus some
infrared radiation
 Heat vs. electrical energy
Cross Section of PV Cell
 Solar Cell Efficiencies
 Typical module efficiencies ~12%
• Screen printed multi-crystalline solar
cells
 Efficiency range is 6-30%
• 6% for amorphous silicon-based PV cells
• 20% for best commercial cells
• 30% for multi-junction research cells
 Typical power of 120W / m2
• Mar/Sep equinox in full sun at equator
 Building Integrated systems

 These systems use the existing

grid as a back up, as the PV
output falls or the load rises to
the point where the PV's can no
longer supply enough power

 PV arrays can form an attractive

facing on buildings and costs are
equivalent to certain traditional
facing materials such as marble
with the advantage of generating
free electricity.

 Ideal for situations where peak

electricity demand is during
daytime such as commercial
buildings.
Solar Thermal Dish Schematic
 Solar Thermal Collectors
 Focus the sun to create to create
heat
• Boil water
• Heat liquid metals
 Use heated fluid to turn a turbine
 Generate electricity
 Heating Living Spaces
 A passively heated home uses about 60-
75% of the solar energy that hits its walls
and windows.
 The Center for Renewable Resources
estimates that in almost any climate, a well-
designed passive solar home can reduce
energy bills by 75% with an added
construction cost of only 5-10%.
 About 25% of energy is used for water and
space heating.
 Major factor discouraging solar heating is
low energy prices.
 Heating Water: Active System

Active System uses antifreeze so that the liquid does not

freeze if outside temp. drops below freezing.
The Solar Hydrogen BBQ and Home
Self-Sufficiency System
Hydrogen
Generation Hydrogen Storage
By
Solar Electrolysis

Home
Main
Fuel Cell
Electrical
Stack
Panel
Expected Future of Solar Electrical Capacities
 Concluding Remarks
 The key to successful solar energy installation is to use quality
components that have long lifetimes and require minimal
maintenance.

 The future is bright for continued PV technology dissemination.

PV technology fills a significant need in supplying electricity,
creating local jobs and promoting economic development in rural
areas, avoiding the external environmental costs associated with
traditional electrical generation technologies.

 Major power policy reforms and tax incentives will play a major
role if all the above said is to be effectively realized.