HEATING VENTILATION AIR CONDITIONING

• AIR CONDITION

2 TYPES OF AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM

Direct expansion (DX) and Chilled Water Air Conditioning

Direct Expansion (DX) Type of Central Air Conditioning Plant

In the direct expansion or DX types of air central conditioning
plants the air used for cooling space is directly chilled by the
refrigerant in the cooling coil of the air handling unit. Since the
air is cooled directly by the refrigerant the cooling efficiency of
the DX plants is higher. However, it is not always feasible to
carry the refrigerant piping to the large distances hence, direct
expansion or the DX type of central air conditioning system is
usually used for cooling the small buildings or the rooms on
the single floor.
There are three main compartments of the DX type of central
conditioning systems (please refer the fig below):
Chilled Water Air Conditioning

Chilled water air conditioning systems are commonly

used in applications that need large cooling capacity
such as hypermarket, industrial process, commercial air
conditioning such as offices and factories. More and
more homes are using this system to air conditioned
their entire house because of its cost-effectiveness and
no hazard of having refrigerant piped all over the
house. As its name suggest, this system makes use of
water as its secondary refrigerant. Chiller is used to
remove heat from the water which is then circulated
through other components to absorb heat from the
space.
Water is non-corrosive, has specific heat value, fluid,
non-toxic and is cheap. This makes it an excellent
choice compared to other secondary refrigerants such
as sodium chloride brines, propylene glycols, ethylene,
methanol or glycerin.
How Chilled Water Air Conditioning Works
The chiller is the section of the system where an exchange
of heat occurred between the water that goes to the
building and the evaporator. The water leaves the chilled
water evaporator at 45°F or 7°C. This chilled-water is then
circulated through the entire building by the use of a pump.
The water cooled the space and pick up the heat and
returns to the chiller at about 55°F or 13°C. The water
temperature has been heated up by 10°F or 6°C after
cooling the space. This process is then repeated.

Cooling Tower
In most chiller applications, a water-cooled condenser uses
a cooling tower to reduce the temperature of the
condenser. In this case, the water loop system is separated
from the chilled water that goes to the building. The water
that has been cooled by the evaporated water at the cooling
tower will enter the condenser at 85°F or 29°C. It picks up
the heat from the condenser and leaves at 95°F or 35°C, an
increase of 10°F or 6°C.
The water is then sent to the cooling tower by the use of a
pump to be cooled by evaporation of the water in the
cooling tower. The cooled water temperature now drops to
85°F or 29°C and enters the condenser again. This process is
repeated. Water is constantly added to the cooling tower by
the use of water piping to replace those that has been
evaporated into the air.
1) WINDOW TYPE
2) SPLIT TYPE
*WALL MOUNTED, CONCEALD & CASSETTE
3) PACKAGED TYPE
4) CENTRAL AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEM
SPLIT WALL MOUNTED
WINDOW

CONCEALD TYPE
CASSETTE TYPE

PACKAGED TYPE
PACKAGED MACHINE CONNECTION DETAILS

CHILLED WATER PIPE CONNECTION DETAILS

PACKAGED MACHINE CONNECTION DETAILS
• SQUARE OR RECTANGULAR DUCT
• ROUND DUCT
• OVAL
• SPIRAL
• SUPPLY CEILING DIFFUSER (SCD)
• RETURN CEILING DIFFUSER (RCD)
• DISC VALVE
• SUPPLY LINEAR DIFFUSER (SLD) 2,3,4,5&6 SLOT
• RETURN LINEAR DIFFUSER (RLD)
• SUPPLY LINEAR BAR GRILLE (SLBG)
• RETURN LINEAR BAR GRILLE (RLBG)
• EXHAUST DIFFUSER (ED)
• AIR REGISTER
• PERFORATED DIFFUSER

SQUARED DIFFUSER (SCD & RCD

PERFORATED DIFFUSER
SUPPLY LINEAR DIFFUSER 2SLOT
SUPPLY LINEAR BAR GRILLE (S/RLBG)

DISC VALVE
• VOLUME CONTROL DAMPER (VCD) SQUARE & ROUND TYPE
• SPLITER DAMPER
• FIRE SMOKE MOTORIZED DAMPER (FSMD)
• FIRE DAMPER
• BACK DRAFT DAMPER OR NONE RETURN DAMPER

VARIABLE AIR VALVE (VAV)

Variable Air Volume (VAV) is a type of

heating, ventilating, and/or air-
conditioning (HVAC) system. Unlike
constant air volume (CAV) systems,
which supply a constant airflow at a
variable temperature, VAV systems vary
the airflow at a constant temperature.)