POPULATION

 Static – not moving

 Rise – to go up
 Fall – to go down birth
 Increase – to become larger
 Decrease – to become smaller
 Immigrants – people who come
 Emigrants – people who leave
the country
 Life expectancy – how long
people live
death
A population is a group of organisms
from the same species living in the
same area at the same time.
Demography is the study of human
population.
Populations are never static. They
rise or fall depending on three
demographic processes:
birth, death and migration.
 BIRTH RATE
• The birth rate is the number of births
per 1.000 of a population in a year.

• Spain: 8 babies per 1.000 people

 DEATH RATE
• The death rate is the number of deaths
per 1.000 of a population in a year.

• Spain: 10 people per 1.000 of a

population
 NATURAL INCREASE
NATURAL
BIRTH RATE DEATH RATE
INCREASE

• Populations increase if the birth rate is

greater than the death rate.

• Populations decrease if the death rate is

greater that the birth rate.
 NET MIGRATION
NET
IMMIGRATION EMIGRATION
MIGRATION

• Net migration is the result of immigration

minus emigration per 1.000 people.
• It is positive when the number of
immigrants is higher than the number of
emigrants.
 POPULATION GROWTH
NATURAL NET POPULATION
INCREASE MIGRATION GROWTH

• A population grows if there are more births

than deaths or more people moving in than
moving out.
 Population density
• The total population of a territory is the
number of people who live in that territory.
– Los Millares 1500 inhabitants / 0,16 km2
– Almería (2017) 196.192 inhabitants / 296,2 km2
• The population density is the number
of`people living in one square kilometer.

total population
area in km2
population density
 Population density
• Population distribution is uneven (irregular). Some areas
have high population density while others have very low
population densities.
 Spain’s population density
• Spain has an average population density of 92
inhabitants per km2.
 Population distribution
• One hundred years ago, Spain’s rural population
was higher than its urban population.

• Nowadays, Spain’s population is mostly urban.

This means that more people live in the cities.
Which area have higher population
density? Why?
 Population distribution
Rural population Urban population

• Houses are usually low and
far apart so the population
density is lower.
• The rural population is usually
older because young people
move to the cities because of
their jobs.
• Houses are usually high and
close together, so the
population density is higher.
• The urban population is
usually younger because
young people prefer to live in
the cities.
1. The population density is the number of people living
in one square kilometer.
2. The distribution is very irregular. The most populated
areas in Spain are the coast, the two archipelagos
and the big cities. The least populated areas are the
rural inland areas.
3. Rural population density is lower than urban
population density. Rural population is usually older
than urban population because young people prefer
living in the cities.
4. As an adult I would prefer to live in a rural area
because the houses are cheaper and bigger. Also
you live surrounded by nature. A disadvantage of
living in a rural area is that it is more difficult to find a
job and the wifi connection is poor.
 Changes in Spain’s population
• As in the rest of the world, the population
growth was very slow for most of Spain’s
history.
• The birth rate was very high, but the death
rate was also very high because of
epidemics, famine and wars.
Changes in Spain’s population
 Changes in Spain’s population
• In the middle of the 20th century, spain
experienced a population explosion that doubbled
its population.

• The birth rate was still high but the death rate fell
thanks to advances in medicine and better diet.
• This was also time of rural exodus – many people
moved from the country to the big cities.
 Changes in Spain’s population
• In the middle of the 20th century, spain
experienced a population explosion that doubbled
its population.

• The birth rate was still high but the death rate fell
thanks to advances in medicine and better diet.
• This was also time of rural exodus – many people
moved from the country to the big cities.
 Changes in Spain’s population
• In the contemporary times new social changes
affected Spain’s population.
• Women started to work outside of the home which
is why less children are born.
• Life expectancy has increased a lot, which is why
the population is getting older.
Changes in Spain’s population
 Changes in Spain’s population
Compare these two pyramids. How has the Spanish
population changed?
 Changes in Spain’s population
Observe these two graphs. Explain why is the center of
the population pyramid wider than the base.
 QUESTIONS
1. Why was the population growth very slow in
the past?

2. Explain the phenomenon of population

explosion. When did it happen?

3. Why is Spain’s population getting older?

1. The population growth was very slow in the
past because the death rate was very high
because of epidemics, wars and famine.
2. Population explosion is a phenomenon that
doubbled Spain’s population because the
death rate fell due to better medicine and
better quality of food. It happened in the mid-
20th century.
3. Spain’s population is getting older because life
expectancy is higher and also because
women work outside the house and have less
children.