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A preservation
agent
4
Crosslinking Reaction
• Spontaneous reaction
• Occur in mild condition
• nonionic surfactant
• non toxic
• stability agent O O
O OH
O
O
O
HO
HO
Hydrophilic group
Sodium Tripolyphosphate (TPP)
• multivalent polyanion
• non toxic, easy handling
•Cross-linker
• to form nanochitosan particles by ionic
cross-linking between chitosan chains.
METHODS
Acetic acid Chitosan
1% 0,2%
Chitosan Surfactant
Aquadest Acidic solution dispersion solution:
0.05%
0.1%
Time: Nanochitosan- 0.2%
Nanochitosan Chitosan-
Day 0 NaCl
dispersion surfactant
Day 14 dispersion dispersion
Day 28 NaCl
(by 0% TPP solution
Particle size 3% 0,84 mg/mL
Analyzer) Chitosan : TPP = 5:2 (v/v)
10
RESULTS
NaCl 0% NaCl 3%
600 500
500
particle size, nm
400
particle size, nm
400 0.05%
0.05% 300
300 0.1%
0.1% 200
200
0.2%
100 0.2% 100
0 0
0 14 28 0 14 28
time, days time, days
• NaCl 0%
– Range particle size = 345.6 to 515.3 nm not visually different
• NaCl 3%
– Range particle size = 175.0 to 391.8 nm
ANOVA
ANOVA
Sum of degree of mean
source of variation F0 calc F0 table Information
Squares freedom square
polysorbate-80
1228967 2 614.4836 0.36 3.55
concentrations (B)
frequency, %
frequency, %
30 30 30
0.05% 0.05% 0.05%
20 0.1% 20 0.1% 20 0.1%
0.2% 0.2% 0.2%
10 10 10
0 0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
average particle size, nm average particle size, nm average particle size, nm
frequency, %
frequency, %
frequency, %
30 30 30
0.05% 0.05% 0.05%
20 0.1% 20 0.1% 20 0.1%
0.2% 0.2% 0.2%
10 10 10
0
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
average particle size, nm average particle size, nm average particle size, nm
frequency, %
day 3 25 day 3
25
day 7
frequency, %
20 day 7
20
day 14 15 day 14
15
day 28 10 day 28
10
day 141 5 day 141
5
0
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
average particle size, nm average particle size, nm
• NaCl 0%
– During 141 days, the agglomeration of particle occurred. It was indicated by wide
unimodal size distributions
• NaCl 3%
– A very narrow particle size distribution can be seen on day 14, 28, and 141
– the addition of a 3% NaCl stabilized and narrowed particle size distributions up to
141 days of storage.
Nanochitosan Dispersions
NaCl 0% NaCl 3%
CONCLUSIONS
Contact Person:
Annisa Primaningtyas
annisa.p@mail.ugm.ac.id