Do Now

Write the following in interval notation.

1. The numbers between and including 4

and 9.
2. The numbers after 0 (not including 0) up
to and including 100.
3. All positive numbers.
4. All negative numbers.
Objectives C4 & C5
AP Calculus AB
 Agenda
1. Review Do Now (5 min)
2. OBJ C4
3. Summary
4. OBJ C5
5. Summary
6. Questions
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
How we communicate the
following on the AP Test?
• Domain and Range
• Roots / Zeroes
• Increasing or Decreasing
• Concavity
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
Domain: the x values allowed by
your function.

Range: the y values allowed by

your function.
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
To find domain, it is important to
ask: “What x values am I
allowed to plug into the
equation?”

Most of the time, it is easier to

ask: “What x can I not plug in?”
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
•Find
  the domain and write it in
interval notation.
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
To find the range, ask a similar
question: “What y values can
this function give me?”

Or, easier: “What y values will I

never get from this function?”
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
•Find
  the range and write it in
interval notation.
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
Roots / Zeroes

This is an incredibly important

concept in calculus. It will form
the basis for starting many
problems. They call them roots
for a reason: “root of the
problem”.
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
A root (aka zero) is where a
function is equal to 0. It is
located at the x values that
cause the function to be zero.

Graphically, this is where the

function crosses the x-axis.
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
•Find
  the roots and sketch the
graph of .

Find the roots and sketch the

graph of .
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
Increasing and decreasing.

Many graphs in AP Calculus are

not labeled with numbers. This
means we need to get good a
analyzing and describing a
graph verbally.
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
•A  function is increasing on an
interval (a, b) if:

A function is decreasing on an
interval (a, b) if:
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
Example:
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
Concavity:

A function is concave up when it

is a “bowl” open upward.

A function is concave down

when it is a “bowl” open
downwards.
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
Example:
C4: Use advanced mathematical notation to
describe properties of functions.
Summary:
• Precision in calculus depends
on appropriate description.
 C5: Represent a function verbally,
numerically, graphically, or algebraically.
In AP Calc, there are a number of
different ways we will be interpreting
functions. Often, AP graders are less
concerned with the numbers and
more concerned with the concepts.

In addition, this is essential to critical

thinking. If you cannot think about a
concept in a new way, you don’t
really understand it.
 C5: Represent a function verbally,
numerically, graphically, or algebraically.
Questions?

HW: Problem Set P4-P5.