BY

RIMANKI GOEL
CS – 6sem B
 There are currently widely different views throughout the wireless
industry as to what constitutes a 3G wireless access network.
 The problem is rapidly getting worse with the increased usage of 4G
to describe, in many cases, technologies that are basically just
evolutions of 3G technologies.
 The general concept behind different technology “generations” is
that each new generation offers significant “revolutions” in
performance and capabilities compared to its predecessor.
 Third Generation (3G) mobile devices and services will transform
wireless communications into on-line, real-time connectivity.
 3G wireless technology will allow an individual to have immediate
access to location-specific services that offer information on
demand.
 Mobile phones are rapidly becoming the preferred means of
personal communication,creating the world's largest consumer
electronics industry.
 Wireless telecommunications is the transfer of information
between two or more points that are not physically
connected.
 Distances can be short, such as a few meters for television
remote control, or as far as thousands or even millions of
kilometers for deep-space radio communications.
 Mobile communication refers to a form of communication
which does not depend on a physical connection between the
sender and receiver and who may move from one physical
location to another during communication.
 The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT
DoCoMo in Japan on 1998, branded as FOMA. It was first
available in May 2001 as a pre-release (test) of W-CDMA
technology.The first commercial launch of 3G was also by
NTT DoCoMo in Japan on 1 October 2001.
 On 11 December 2008, India entered the 3G arena with the
launch of 3G enabled Mobile and Data services by
Government owned Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd MTNL in
Delhi and later in Mumbai. MTNL becomes the first 3G Mobile
service provider in India.
 190 3G networks were operating in 40 countries and 154
HSDPA(High Speed Downlink Packet Access )networks were
operating in 71 countries, according to the Global Mobile
Suppliers Association (GSA).
 In Asia, Europe, Canada and the USA, telecommunication
companies use W-CDMA technology with the support of
around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks.
 Early work on 3G in the ITU was directed towards obtaining a
global spectrum allocation since multi-band radios were at
that time economically unattractive.
 Similarly a single global standard for 3G seemed at the time
the only realistic solution. However it became rapidly clear
that even the 230 MHz of new spectrum identified for IMT-
2000 in 1992 would be insufficient for future mobile needs.
 At the ITU World Radio Conference in 2000 all the major
existing cellular bands were also added, increasing the
potential IMT-2000 spectrum availability by approximately
three times.
 Fortunately it also became practical to produce economical
multi-band radios.
 1G The First Generation of mobile phones consisted of the
analog models that emerged in the early 1980s.

 2G The Second Generation of digital mobile phones

appeared about ten years later along with the first digital
mobile networks.
 During the second generation, the mobile telecommunication
industry experienced exponential growth both in terms of
subscribers as well as new types of value-added services.
 The World is Mobilising :-
Worldwide mobile penetration increased from 50.3% at end of
2007 to 56.6% at the end of 2008, and has crossed 62% by
end of 2009.
This growth trend is expected to continue in the coming years.
The worldwide mobile penetration level is expected to
crossnear 80% by end-2013.
 It is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile
telecommunication services fulfilling the International Mobile
Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the
International Telecommunication Union
 Application services include wide-area wireless voice
telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV
all in a mobile environment.
 It is required to meet IMT-2000 technical standards,
including standards for reliability and speed (data transfer
rates).
 To meet the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required to
provide peak data rates of at least 200 kbps (about 0.2
Mbps).
 There are three types of players in telecomservices:•
1-State owned companies (BSNL and MTNL)
2-Private Indian owned companies (RelianceInfocomm,
Tata Teleservices,)
3-Foreign invested companies (Hutchison-Essar,Bharti Tele-
Ventures,Escotel, Idea Cellular, BPL Mobile, SpiceCommunicati
ons)
 Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications.
 For the consumer
 Video seamless roaming, TV broadcast
 Video calls, video clips – news, music, sports
 Enhanced gaming, chat, location services…
 For business
 High speed teleworking / VPN access
 Sales force automation
 Video conferencing
 Real-time
financial
information
 3G Network Architecture
Core Network
Wireless
Telephone
Access Network
Programmable Network
Gateway
Mobile Access Softswitch
Router
Application
IP Intranet Server

Access (HLR)
IP Intranet
IP Point User Profiles &
Base Stations Authentication
802.11

802.11
3G Air Wired Access
Internet
Interface
Access
Point
 Features includes :-
Phone calls/Fax
Seamless Roaming
Send/Receive large email messages
High Speed Web
Navigation/Maps
Video Confrencing.
 Speed :- 144 kbps – 2mbps
 Time to download a 3 min mp3 song : 11 sec – 1.5 min
 Mobile internet connectivity.
 Mobile interview.

 Multimedia services such as digital photoes taken by and

shared by wireless handsets.
 Wireless applications downloading.

 Music on your mobile.

 Enhanced

Location Based
Services.
• Realtime Multiplayer Gaming is
possible in 3G
system.
 Higher call volumes and support for multimedia data
applications such as video and photography.
 Faster data transfer rates.

 Free or cheap call rates overwide.

 Capability to determine geographic

position of mobiles and report it.

 Worthwhile for users that need

connectivity on the move.

 High spectrum licencing fees for the 3g services
 Huge capital required to build infrastructure for 3g services.
 Health impact because of the electromagnetic waves.
 Prices are very high for 3g mobile services.
 Will 2g users switch to 3g services? It is a Big question.
 Takes time to catch up as the service is new.
 Expense of 3G phones.
 It is a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G.
 Limitation to meet expectations of applications like
multimedia, full motion video, wireless teleconferencing.
◦ Wider Bandwidth
 As of December 2011, there are no 4G networks that fulfil the
International Telecommunication Union's criteria of being
able to achieve 1Gbps while stationary.
 In 2002, the strategic vision for 4G—which ITU designated as
IMT-Advanced—was laid out.
 On 12 December 2010, VivaCell-MTS launches in Armenia
4G/LTE(Long Term Evolution 3GPP) commercial test network
with a live demo conducted in Yerevan.
 On 28 April 2011, Lithuania's Omnitel opened LTE "4G"
network working in 5 biggest cities.
 In September 2011, All three Saudi telecom giants STC,
Mobily and Zain announced that they will offer 4G LTE for
high speed USB sticks for mobile computers, with further
development for telephones by 2013.
 In 2011, Argentina´s Claro launch 4G HSPA+ network in the
country.
 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Data speeds of LTE Peak Download 100 Mbps.
Peak Upload 50 Mbps.

Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e)

Data speeds of WiMAX Peak Download 128 Mbps.
Peak Upload 64 Mbps.
 4G Fourth Generation Cellular
Communication (4G)

3G •4G is not one defined technology or

standard, but rather a collection of
technologies and protocols aimed at creating

2G fully packet-switched networks optimized

for data.
•4G networks are projected to provide
speeds of 100 Mbps while moving and 1
1G Gbps while stationary.
•Lower cost than previous generations.
•OFDM used instead of CDMA.
0G
4G: Anytime, Anywhere Connection
 Also known as ‘Mobile Broadband everywhere’

 ‘MAGIC’
 Mobile Multimedia Communication
 Anywhere, Anytime with Anyone
 Global Mobility Support
 Integrated Wireless Solution
 Customized Personal Service

 According to 4G Mobile Forum, in 2008 over $400 billion

would be invested in 4G mobile projects.
 In India, communication Minister Mr. Dayanidhi Maran, had
announced to establish a national centre of excellence to
work in 4G arena.
 Majority of  Lifecycle of 4G is
companies expect expected to be of 15
widespread usage of years.
3g by the end of
2013.
 Lack of coverage as
it is still a new
service.
 High power usage.
Less Complexity, Faster Transmission

Unlike the 3G networks which are a combination of circuit

switched and packet switched networks,
4G will be based on packet switching only. This will allow
low-latency data transmission.

3G 4G

Leading U.S. Carrier 3G International Carrier is

EVDO network currently testing 4G communication
averages 400 to 700 Kbps at 100 Mbps while moving,
with peak rates up to 2 and 1 Gbps while stationary.
Mbps.
 3g services will add invaluable dimension for the integral part
of the modern world.
 In the near future,mobility will not be considered as an add-
on:it will become a fundamental aspect.
 Development of 3g network will continue and pick up pace in
the near future.
 True 4G services could come only after 2015.
 4G will open door to various mobile applications.
 Opinions on when 4G will be available,might be differ.
 4G’s predecessor,3G wireless is still taking off.
 Some analyst agree that there is no “Killer App “ for 4G today.
 www.authorstream.com
 www.scribd.com
 www.wikipedia.com