Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
DAO 98-50 Adopting the Landfill Site Identification and Screening Criteria
for Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facilities
PD 825 Providing Penalty for Improper Disposal of Garbage and Other
Forms of Uncleanliness and for Other Purposes
MC 88-39A Creation of the Presidential Task Force on Waste Management
as amended by MC 94-88
AO 93-90 Creating a Project Management Office on solid Waste
Management (PTFWM) under the Presidential Task Force on
Waste Management
Solid waste management
Waste management
Protection of human health and
environment
Hierarchy:
Source reduction
Recycling
Treatment
disposal
Impacts of solid waste
on public health
impacts
impacts upon air quality (smoke, dust and
persistent foul odors);
the presence of insects and vermin,
potential vectors for the spread of disease;
contamination of surface water and
groundwater; and
impacts upon the overall quality of the
environment.
Key challenges to
achieve the goals of
Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act
Strengthen enforcement and
providing better incentives
Financial incentives for
capital investments
Imposition of user fees
and tipping fees to
encourage waste
reduction and increase
accountability of service
delivery
Introduction of standards.
Build the capacity of the
national and local institutions
Strategic plans at the national, provincial,
LGU and barangay levels
National Level – advisory and extension
services
Local Governments – upgrade technical
and managerial capacity
Barangays – awareness
Addressing the NIMBY
syndrome
Raising public awareness on
the benefits of proper solid
waste management
Increasing expenditures on
SWM
Mainstreaming the
utilization of new funding
sources and employing
cost-effective
approaches
Obtaining reliable information
for national, regional and local
planning
Ensure proper management of
closed dumps and landfills
Protecting the vulnerable
and the underserved
Expanding the coverage
of infectious medical and
hazardous waste
treatment
Municipal solid wastes
Municipal solid waste
The most non hazardous solid waste
from a city, town or village that requires
routine or aperiodic collection and
transport to a processing or disposal
site.
Composed of refuse and trash
composition
Residential – food wastes, paper, cardboard,
plastics, textiles, leather, yard wastes, wood,
glass, tin cans, aluminum, ashes, street
leaves, bulky wastes, household hazardous
wastes
Commercial – paper, cardboard, plastics,
wood, food waste, glass, metals, etc.
Institutional – same as commercial
Construction and demolition
Factors affecting volume of solid
waste generation
INCREASING RAPID
POPULATION URBANIZATION
GROWTH RATES
PUBLIC CHANGING
INDIFFERENCE LIFESTYLES
CONSUMPTION PATTERNS
Composition of municipal wastes
depend on:
Climate
Frequency of collection
Prevalence of home grinders
Social customs
Per capita income
Acceptability of packaged and convenience foods
Degree of urbanization and industrialization of
the area
MM municipal waste composition
others
9% paper
19%
paper
plastic
metal
plastic garden waste
kitchen waste 17% kitchen waste
42%
others
metal
6%
garden waste
7%
Integrated Solid Waste Management
Functional Elements of an
Integrated Solid Waste Management
Program
Solid Waste Generation
Waste Handling,
Separation,
Storage and
Processing
at the Source
Collection
Disposal
generation
How are wastes generated??
generation
Activities which materials are identified as
no longer of value and are either thrown
away or gathered together for disposal
Uncontrollable
Household segregation should be done
49 % is biodegradable
42% is recyclable
Recycling opportunities are not fully
harnessed
Typical household waste
Putrescible wastes
Handling, preparation, cooking and eating of
foods
Decomposition will lead to development of
offensive odors, and breeding of flies
Collection
EGG
garbage is an LARVA
ADULT excellent
feeds on
environment
deposit the egg organic
in a moist material
environment
migration to a dry
loose material
PUPA (sand or soil)
inactive
Cycle takes 7 days to
state
complete
What to do?
Provide tightly closed containers for
organic wastes
Compaction of waste
Processing within 2 days
Shredding of waste to promote aerobic
decomposition (heat producing therefore
unattractive to insects)
Waste handling
Source reduction
Reduction in the amount and/or toxicity of
waste entering the waste stream
Source reduction
Waste handling, separation,
storage and processing at source
Management of wastes until they are
placed in storage containers for collection
Movement of loaded containers to the
point of collection
On-site storage is of primary importance
bec. Of public health concerns and
aesthetic considerations.
trashbins
trashbins
collection
Garbage truck
collection
Includes not only the gathering of solid wastes and
recyclable materials, but also the transport
This accounts for almost 50% of the total annual costs
Collection efficiency in the Philippines is only 40 %
LGUs are responsible for collection
Manner and frequency of collection and choice of
equipment depends on the size of roads, density of the
population covered, and affordability
A quarter of MMS solid waste is not collected
Processing and recovery
Mrf
Separation, processing and
transformation
Separated from source and separation of
commingled wastes at Materials Recovery
Facilities, Transfer stations, disposal site
Processing – separation of bulky items, screens,
manual separation, shredding, separation of
ferrous materials, volume reduction
Transformation – reduce the volume and weight
of the waste and recover conversion products
and energy.
recyclables
recyclables
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
Every year, people who change their own oil dispose of an estimated
400 million gallons of used motor oil improperly. Because it contains
high levels of lead and hydrocarbons, used motor oil is highly toxic.
When improperly disposed of, the oil can poison plants and wildlife
and seep into groundwater. One quart of motor oil can pollute 250,000
gallons of drinking water.
The safest way to
dispose of motor oil is
to recycle it.
Unfortunately, short
of switching to
electric cars, there are
no alternatives to
motor oil.
pesticides
These chemicals are dangerous to
people and animals when
ingested, inhaled, or absorbed
through the skin
Pesticide should be disposed of
with hazardous waste.
Insecticidal soaps, are nontoxic;
they dehydrate insects by
penetrating their membranes.
Another alternative is the
microscopic remains of fossilized
algae-like plants, which lacerates
insects' waxy coatings and causes
them to dehydrate.
Prescription drugs
Oven Clean spills as soon as the oven cools using steel wool and baking soda; for tough
cleaner stains, add salt (do not use this method in self-cleaning or continuous-cleaning
ovens).
Glass Mix 1 tablespoon of vinegar or lemon juice in 1 quart of water. Spray on and use
cleaner newspaper to wipe dry.
Toilet Use a toilet brush and baking soda or vinegar. (This will clean but not disinfect.)
bowl
cleaner
Furniture Mix 1 teaspoon of lemon juice in 1 pint of mineral or vegetable oil, and wipe furniture.
polish
Rug Deodorize dry carpets by sprinkling liberally with baking soda. Wait at least 15 minutes and vacuum.
deodorize Repeat if necessary.
r
Silver Boil 2 to 3 inches of water in a shallow pan with 1 teaspoon of salt, 1 teaspoon of baking soda, and a
polish sheet of aluminum foil. Totally submerge silver and boil for 2 to 3 more minutes. Wipe away tarnish.
Repeat if necessary. (Do not use this method on antique silver knives. The blade will separate from
the handle.) Another alternative is to use nonabrasive toothpaste.
Plant Wipe leaves with mild soap and water; rinse.
sprays
Mothballs Use cedar chips, lavender flowers, rosemary, mint, or white peppercorns.
Flea and Put brewer's yeast or garlic in your pet's food; sprinkle fennel, rue, rosemary,
tick or eucalyptus seeds or leaves around animal sleeping areas.
products
Mercury balls
Improper lining
For submission (individual)
Remediation technologies:
For treatment of wastes, pollution, etc.(not confined to solid
waste, can be waste water, air, ground water, etc)
Please submit topic for checking
Format:
Background information
Discussion of technology (site actual cases )
Recommendations (other than that of the actual)
Analyze your submission: asking the question: if this report will
be submitted to you, would you be satisfied, does it answer all
the questions you want to know, etc.
Due a week before finals ( hard and soft copy)
Will be equivalent to one quiz
What is so scary about
solid waste???