Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Transformers
Edit by Chi-Shan Yu
Electric Machinery 1
Chapter 2 Transformers
Electric Machinery 2
Transformers
The transformer
winding connected to
the power source is
called the primary
winding or input
winding
The winding connected
to the loads is called the
secondary winding or
output winding
.tertiary winding
Electric Machinery 3
Why transformers are important to
modern life
Electric Machinery 4
Voltage levels used in Taipower system
Electric Machinery 5
Types and construction of transformers
Electric Machinery 6
Core material and eddy current
Eddy current:
Electric Machinery 7
Special purpose transformers
Electric Machinery 8
The ideal transformer characteristics
Electric Machinery 9
The ideal transformer characteristics
Electric Machinery 10
Dot convention in ideal transformer
Electric Machinery 11
Power in an ideal transformer
Electric Machinery 12
Power in an ideal transformer
Electric Machinery 13
Impedance transformation through a
transformer
Electric Machinery 14
Analysis of circuits containing ideal
transformers
All the current and voltage are all referred to one side
(primary side)
Note the dot convention for current direction
Impedance transformation
Electric Machinery 15
Example 2-1
Electric Machinery 16
Example 2-1
Electric Machinery 17
Induced voltage and flux linkage l
Electric Machinery 23
Voltage relation between primary and
secondary derived from Faradays law
Electric Machinery 24
Voltage relation
Electric Machinery 25
Voltage relation
1. Induced voltage on
primary side
2. Induced voltage on
secondary side
Electric Machinery 26
Induced voltage relation - Induced by
mutual flux
Electric Machinery 27
Terminal voltage relation - Neglecting the
leakage flux
Electric Machinery 28
Modeling the leakage flux by leakage
inductance
Electric Machinery 29
Modeling the leakage flux by leakage
inductance
Electric Machinery 30
Theory of operation of real single-phase
transformers secondary side open
Electric Machinery 31
Magnetization current in real transformer
Electric Machinery 32
Magnetization curve
Electric Machinery 33
Magnetization
current
Magnetization current
Electric Machinery 35
Core loss current
Electric Machinery 36
Excitation current iex
Electric Machinery 37
Current ratio on a transformer
Electric Machinery 38
Polarity of the magnetomotive force
Electric Machinery 39
The net magnetomotive force and
magnetic circuit
Electric Machinery 40
Ideal transformer
Electric Machinery 41
The assumptions from real to ideal
transformer
Electric Machinery 42
The equivalent circuit of a transformer
to model the non-ideal characteristics
Electric Machinery 43
Modeling excitation current and copper
loss
Electric Machinery 44
The resulting equivalent circuit
Electric Machinery 45
Impedance transform to primary or
secondary side
Electric Machinery 46
Approximate equivalent circuit
Electric Machinery 47
Neglecting excitation current
Electric Machinery 48
Measure the equivalent circuit
parameters
Electric Machinery 49
Open circuit test
Electric Machinery 50
Open circuit test
Electric Machinery 51
Short circuit test
Electric Machinery 52
Short circuit test
Electric Machinery 53
Example 2-2
Electric Machinery 54
Transformer voltage regulation and
efficiency
Electric Machinery 58
How to calculate the voltage regulation
transformer phasor diagram
Electric Machinery 59
Phasor diagram - lagging
Electric Machinery 60
Phasor diagram - unit
Electric Machinery 61
Phasor diagram - leading
Electric Machinery 62
Approximation
Electric Machinery 63
Transformer efficiency
Electric Machinery 64
Transformer efficiency
Electric Machinery 65
Example 2-5
Electric Machinery 66
Transformer taps and voltage regulation
Electric Machinery 74
TCUL and voltage regulator
Electric Machinery 75
The autotransformer
Electric Machinery 76
The step-up connection of autotransformer
from conventional transformer
Electric Machinery 77
The step-down connection of
autotransformer
Electric Machinery 78
Voltage and current in both coils
The autotransformer
terminal voltage and
current
Electric Machinery 79
Terminal voltage and current relation of
autotransformer
Electric Machinery 80
Terminal voltage and current relation of
autotransformer
Electric Machinery 81
Apparatus power rating advantage in
autotransformer
Electric Machinery 82
Apparatus power rating advantage in
autotransformer
Relation
Electric Machinery 83
Example 2-7
Electric Machinery 84
Autotransformer summarize
Electric Machinery 87
Example 2-8
Electric Machinery 88
Three-phase transformer three single-
phase transformer banks
Electric Machinery 90
Three-phase transformer one three-lags
transformer banks
Electric Machinery 91
Three types of terminal connection
Electric Machinery 92
Wye-wye connection
Electric Machinery 93
Wye-wye connection
Electric Machinery 94
Wye-wye connection
Electric Machinery 95
Wye-wye connection
Electric Machinery 96
Solving the unbalance and 3rd harmonic
problems in wye-wye connection
Electric Machinery 97
Wye-delta connection
Electric Machinery 98
Wye-delta connection
Electric Machinery 99
Wye-delta connection summarize
VLP VfP a
VLS 3VfS 3
Common connection:
Used on three-wire (delta) to four wire (wye)
Used to isolate ground on wye side from source ground on
delta side
1. Voltage rating
Prevent the over-voltage insulation problem
Prevent the saturation of magnetization curve