Simulating Communication Systems With MATLAB: An Introduction

Simulating Communication Systems
with MATLAB : An Introduction
Aniruddha Chandra
ECE Department, NIT Durgapur, WB, India.
aniruddha.chandra@ieee.org
September 23, 2010
NIT DGP Student Branch

Presentation Outline Sep. 23, 2010
Objective of the Lecture
Expected Background
Simulating Analog Communication Systems

Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Simulating Digital Communication Systems

Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 2

Expected Background



Objective of the Lecture Sep. 23, 2010
After the Lecture Youll be able to
Write your own Matlab Script
Make a Analog/ Digital Communication Link
Compare your Results with Theoretical Values

Expected Background



Expected Background Sep. 23, 2010
I assume that You understand
Basic MATLAB Operations (function, matrix)
Basics of Communication (modulation)
Performance Metrics (BER)

Expected Background



Analog Communication Systems Sep. 23, 2010
Source Modulator
Channel
Destination Demodulator

Simulate a Source Sep. 23, 2010
Source Modulator
Channel
Produces message signal e.g. a simple Sine wave

Generate message signal (simple sine wave)

mt Vm sin 2f mt
Define time instants (1000 sample points)

tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000;
t = tmin:step:tmax;
Define amplitude and frequency (initial phase is zero)

Vm = 1; % Amplitude
fm = 2*10^3; % Frequency
Construct the Signal

m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t);
View the Signal

plot(t,m,'r');

Complete MATLAB Script [Prog1.m]

t = tmin:step:tmax;
fm = 2*10^3;
Vm = 1;
plot(t,m,'r');


Assignment #1 [Prog2.m], [Prog3.m]
What happens if there is an initial phase?

phi_deg = 45;
phi_rad = phi_deg*pi/180;
m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t+phi_rad);
What happens if the message is not sinusoidal?

tmin = 0; tmax = 1; step = (tmax-tmin)/1000;
t = tmin:step:tmax;
f = 2;
m = sawtooth(2*pi*f*t);
plot(t,m,'r');

Simulate Modulation Sep. 23, 2010
Source Modulator
Channel
Built-in functions are available (ammod, amdemod etc.)

WYSIWYG?? No

Amplitude Modulation Sep. 23, 2010
Simulate with built-in functions [Prog4.m]

fs = 8000; % Sampling rate is 8000 samples per second
fc = 300; % Carrier frequency in Hz
t = [0:0.1*fs]'/fs; % Sampling times for 0.1 second
m = sin(20*pi*t); % Representation of the signal
v = ammod(m,fc,fs); % Modulate m to produce v
figure(1)
subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); % Plot m on top
subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,v); % Plot v below
mr = amdemod(v,fc,fs); % Demodulate v to produce m
figure(2);
subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m); % Plot m on top
subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr); % Plot mr below
Source: Introduction to Communications Toolbox in MATLAB 7.6.0 (R2008) by Amit Degada

Available: http://amitdegada.weebly.com/download.html



Dont have the feel??? . Try this
Define message signal, mt Vm sin 2f mt (as done earlier)

t = tmin:step:tmax;
Vm = 1;
fm = 2*10^3;
Define carrier, ct Vc sin 2f c t
Vc = 2; % Amplitude
fc = 10^4; % Frequency
c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); % Carrier signal

Continued .

Modulate the Signal, vt Vc 1 sin 2f mt sin 2f ct
Vm

Vc
v = (1+m/Vc).*c; % DSB-FC modulation
View Modulated Wave
plot(t,v); % Modulated Wave

hold on;
plot(t,Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); % Upper Envelope
hold on;
plot(t,-Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); % Lower Envelope
hold off ;

Complete MATLAB Script [Prog5.m]

clear all; close all; clc;
t = tmin:step:tmax; % Time
Vm = 1; Vc = 2; % Amplitude
fm = 2*10^3; fc = 10^4; % Frequency
m = Vm*sin(2*pi*fm*t); % Message
c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t); % Carrier
v = (1+m/Vc).*c; % Modulated Wave
plot(t,v); hold on;

plot(t,Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold on; % Upper Envelope
plot(t,-Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold off % Lower Envelope


Assignment #2 [Prog6.m]
How to view effect of changing modulation index?

t = tmin:step:tmax;
Vm = 1; mu = 1.5; Vc = Vm/mu;
fm = 2*10^3; fc = 10^4;
c = Vc*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
v = (1+m/Vc).*c;
plot(t,v); hold on;

plot(t,Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold on;
plot(t,-Vc*(1+m/Vc),'r:'); hold off

Assignment #2 (Contd) [Prog7.m]
How to simulate DSB-SC modulation?

t = tmin:step:tmax;
Vm = 2; Vc = 1;
fm = 2*10^3; fc = 10^4;
v = m.*c;
plot(t,v); hold on;

plot(t,m,'r:'); hold on;
plot(t,-m,'r:'); hold off

Demodulation Sep. 23, 2010
Demodulate DSB-SC with filter [Prog8.m]

tmin = 0; tmax = 1; step = (tmax-tmin)/(10^3);
t = tmin:step:tmax;
Vm = 2; Vc = 1;
fm = 2; fc = 10^2;
v = m.*c;
r = v.*c;
[b a] = butter(1,0.01);
mr = filter(b,a,r);
figure(1)
subplot(2,1,1); plot(t,m);
subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr);


Ideal Demodulation of DSB-SC [Prog9.m]

fs = 10^5; N = 10^5;
t = 1/fs:1/fs:N/fs;
fm = 2; fc = 10^3;
m = sin(2*pi*fm*t);
c = sin(2*pi*fc*t);
v = m.*c;
r = zeros(1,N); n =f s/fc;
for k = 1:fc
mr((k-1)*n+1:k*n) = 2*v((k-1)*n+1:k*n)*c((k-1)*n+1:k*n)'/n;
end
figure(1)
subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr);


Analog Communication Systems Sep. 23, 2010
Source Modulator
Channel
Introduces noise Additive White Gaussian Noise

Simulate Channel Sep. 23, 2010
Introducing AWGN [Prog10.m]

fs = 10^5; N = 10^5;
t = 1/fs:1/fs:N/fs;
fm = 2; fc = 10^3;
m = sin(2*pi*fm*t);
c = sin(2*pi*fc*t);
v = m.*c;
SNRdB = 10; SNR = 10^(SNRdB/10);

vn = var(v)/SNR;
n = sqrt(vn)*randn(1,N);
v = v + n;
r=zeros(1,N); n=fs/fc;
for k=1:fc
mr((k-1)*n+1:k*n)=2*v((k-1)*n+1:k*n)*c((k-1)*n+1:k*n)'/n;
end
figure(1)
subplot(2,1,2); plot(t,mr); axis([0 1 -1 1])

Simulate Channel Sep. 23, 2010

Expected Background



Digital Communication Systems Sep. 23, 2010
Source Modulator
Channel

Simulate BPSK Sep. 23, 2010
Simulation [Prog11.m]
%This program simulates BER of BPSK in AWGN channel%

num_bit=100000; %Signal length
max_run=20; %Maximum number of iterations for a single SNR
Eb=1; %Bit energy
SNRdB=0:1:9; %Signal to Noise Ratio (in dB)
SNR=10.^(SNRdB/10);
hand=waitbar(0,'Please Wait....');
for count=1:length(SNR) %Beginning of loop for different SNR
avgError=0;
No=Eb/SNR(count); %Calculate noise power from SNR

Simulation (Contd.) [Prog11.m]

for run_time=1:max_run %Beginning of loop for different runs
waitbar((((count-1)*max_run)+run_time-1)/(length(SNRdB)*max_run));
Error=0;
data=randint(1,num_bit); %Generate binary data source

s=2*data-1; %Baseband BPSK modulation
N=sqrt(No/2)*randn(1,num_bit); %Generate AWGN
Y=s+N; %Received Signal
for k=1:num_bit %Decision device taking hard decision and deciding error
if ((Y(k)>0 && data(k)==0)||(Y(k)<0 && data(k)==1))
Error=Error+1;
end
end
Error=Error/num_bit; %Calculate error/bit

avgError=avgError+Error; %Calculate error/bit for different runs
end %Termination of loop for different runs

Simulation (Contd.) [Prog11.m]

BER_sim(count)=avgError/max_run; %Calculate BER for a particular SNR
end %Termination of loop for different SNR
BER_th=(1/2)*erfc(sqrt(SNR)); %Calculate analytical BER
close(hand);
semilogy(SNRdB,BER_th,'k'); %Plot BER

hold on
semilogy(SNRdB,BER_sim,'k*');
legend('Theoretical','Simulation',3);
axis([min(SNRdB) max(SNRdB) 10^(-5) 1]);
hold off


References Sep. 23, 2010
[1] http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/
[2] http://www.freewebs.com/acwebpage/teaching.htm
[3] B.P. Lathi and Z. Ding, Modern Digital and Analog

Communication Systems, Oxford University Press,
International 4th edition, 2010.
[4] J.G. Proakis, M. Salehi, and G. Bauch, Contemporary

Communication Systems using MATLAB, Thomson/ CL-
Engineering, 2nd edition, 2003.

Sep. 23, 2010
Thank You!
Questions???
aniruddha.chandra@ieee.org

Simulating Communication Systems With MATLAB: An Introduction

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Simulating Communication Systems

with MATLAB : An Introduction

September 23, 2010

NIT DGP Student Branch

Objective of the Lecture

Simulating Analog Communication Systems

Simulating Digital Communication Systems

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 2

Objective of the Lecture

Simulating Analog Communication Systems

Simulating Digital Communication Systems

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 3

After the Lecture Youll be able to

Write your own Matlab Script

Make a Analog/ Digital Communication Link

Compare your Results with Theoretical Values

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 4

Objective of the Lecture

Simulating Analog Communication Systems

Simulating Digital Communication Systems

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 5

I assume that You understand

Basic MATLAB Operations (function, matrix)

Basics of Communication (modulation)

Performance Metrics (BER)

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 6

Objective of the Lecture

Simulating Analog Communication Systems

Simulating Digital Communication Systems

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 7

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 8

Produces message signal e.g. a simple Sine wave

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 9

Generate message signal (simple sine wave)

Define time instants (1000 sample points)

Define amplitude and frequency (initial phase is zero)

Construct the Signal

View the Signal

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 10

Complete MATLAB Script [Prog1.m]

tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000;

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 11

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 12

Assignment #1 [Prog2.m], [Prog3.m]

What happens if there is an initial phase?

What happens if the message is not sinusoidal?

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 13

Built-in functions are available (ammod, amdemod etc.)

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 14

Simulate with built-in functions [Prog4.m]

mr = amdemod(v,fc,fs); % Demodulate v to produce m

Source: Introduction to Communications Toolbox in MATLAB 7.6.0 (R2008) by Amit Degada

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 15

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 16

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 17

Dont have the feel??? . Try this

Define message signal, mt Vm sin 2f mt (as done earlier)

tmin = 0; tmax = 10^(-3); step = (tmax-tmin)/1000;

Define carrier, ct Vc sin 2f c t

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 18

View Modulated Wave

plot(t,v); % Modulated Wave

A. Chandra, ECE Deptt., NITD Simulating Communication Systems with MATLAB 19