Sugarcane breeding at YSRI

Peifang Zhao, sugarcane breeder

Yunnan Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Email: hnzpf@163.com; Tel/Fax: 86 873 3166326
Outline

Breeding aims
The resources for fuzzy production
The traditional selection process
Sugarcane selection at early stages
The new cultivar YZ05-51
Breeding aims

High cane yield, high sugar content and

Hilly area Harvest by hand Water deficit

Good ratooning ability Big stalk; Drought resistance

for saving plant cost; Self-trashing Fast growing in rain season
Acceptable post-harvest Less hair-57
characters

. resistance to RSD, Smut, Mosaic are requested

The resources for fuzzy production

Cross combinations are planned by YSRI based on:

Fertility: information from crossing sites
Proven crosses: produced promising clones / varieties
Proven parents: high selection rate
Complementary traits between two parents
Less genetic overlap (pedigree)
GCA since 2006 (Wu, 2007)

Fuzzy resources
YSRI at Ruili and Kaiyuan;
Yacheng of GZSIRI
The traditional selection process

Hybridization
It lasts 6 years at least

One or two cultivar out of

> 100,000 genotypes Cultivar released
Seedlings

Stage1
Five-Stage
Selection Multi-environment tests
Stage 2 - 5
The traditional selection process

There are two teams doing breeding in YSRI

YSRI at Kaiyuan, prefix of YZ

YSRI at Ruiliprefix of YR
YAAS

Kunming city

YSRI at Ruili
L.:97.83; La:24
YSRI at Kaiyuan
L.:103.23; La.:23.7
The traditional selection process

Stage 1
Individual selection based on family evaluation
Selection at ratoon crop: stalks size, plant height, millable stalks, disease
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 89 159 156 200 181 131 1
2 200 2

occurrence, pith, flower, hair-57. 3

4 9
5 10
ROC22
164
7
131 3
4
5
6 14 13 6
7 13 7

Year selection rate was 1.00-5.00%.

8 166 11 15 8
9 17 9
10 ROC22 159 10
11 210 28 9 11
12 21 28 12
29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 13 13
190 329 142 198 173 162-1 229 214 156 163 230 325 211-1 216 128 245-1 167 180 192 135 124 172 208 154 192 171-2 207-2
14 6 201 144 14
121 190 329 142 198 184 162-1 229 214 156 163 230 325 211-1 216 128 245-1 167 180 169 135 124 172 208 154 100 171-2 207-2 171-1
15 122 83 86 15
151 128 182 191-1 232-1 184 145 185 225 215-2 187 184 219-2 248-2 111 330 224-1 222 198 169 164 119 161 175 153 100 168 178 171-1
16 16
151 128 182 191-1 102 141 145 211-2 225 162-1 187 164 217 196 330 311 222 198 108 164 119 161 86 153 159 168 199 273
17 208 156 204 17
151 248-1 196 209 102 171-2 84 211-2 159 162-1 ROC22131 164 217 196 188 311 246-1 158 121 190 82 125 86 137 159 211-2 190 177
18 18
151 227-1 196 209 100 171-2 84 155 159 191-1 234-2 131 211-2 215-1 152 188 172 189 176 126 190 82 158 81 137 90 211-2 120 130
19 87 19
180 179 121 181 100 222 117 155 113 191-1 207-1 156 211-2 157 152 130 172 189 179 144 189 198 158 81 230 90 220-2 128 130
20 17 14 20
180 179 121 181 132 222 117 82 174 162-2 119 156 186 185 174 130 ROC22168 179 144 189 198 188 166 230 210 213 128 245-1
21 4 9 181 21
151 170 83 311 132 163 131 82 89 162-2 119 228-1 186 185 197 234-1 155 160 153 328 133 132 156 166 152 210 213 219-2 248-2
22 22
151 170 83 311 211-1 163 131 178 89 209 182 228-1 112 148 197 234-1 155 160 153 113 160 132 156 116 152 137 220-1 211-1 221
23 161 17 23
154 168 147 232-2 211-1 226-2 99-2 119 96 209 93 212-2 137 232-2 87 248-1 117 89 151 113 160 117 191-1 116 147 137 222 211-1 112
24 17 24
154 195 147 232-2 ROC22 226-2 99-2 119 171-1 329 93 231 137 232-2 87 248-1 117 89 151 311 323 117 191-1 143 147 209 222 223 212-1
25 35 25
248-2 195 208 93 228-1 188 172 153 171-1 329 256-2 199 166 173 178 135 154 83 229 320 165 232-1 94 143 ROC22 209 87 223 219-1
26 7 194 26
144 146 208 256-2 228-1 92 172 210 105 181 256-2 199 166 210 123 135 154 83 229 329 165 196 94 146 162-2 88 87 215-2 216
144 146 230 256-2 130 90 234-2 210 105 181 146 170 215-2 210 123 126 161 132 90 329 226-2 196 193 146 162-2 88 103 228-1 216
27 312 27
152 207-1 230 183 130 167 186 ROC22116 190 146 170 138 236 124 171-2 161 132 102 324 226-2 182 99-2 148 187 111 91 212-2 134
28 106 28
152 143 216 183 165 167 186 88 116 190 221 141 138 236 124 171-2 143 105 144 330 207-1 182 99-2 145 187 111 91 236 225
29 ROC22 117 29
137 143 216 81 165 199 115 88 87 125 145 207-2 232-1 ROC22 213 121 84 105 144 330 207-1 115 89 145 170 131 174 236 176 30 86 163 30
31 118 31
324
176
197
197
94
94
81
236
160
Family trial
160
199
169
164
164
217
217
87
86
142
142
82
82
207-2
88
86
86 Seedlings for selection
227-1 213
183 116
121
147
140
96
165
165
99-2
99-2
138
138
232-2 115
232-2 181
186
186
102
102
163
163
82
179
155
155
228-2
ROC22
176
256-2 32
33
23
132
135 ROC22 32
30 33
330 ROC22106 236 161 231 91 125 86 92 91 88 212-1 183 116 147 220-2 208 100 327 ROC22181 142 91 92 93 129 214 256-2
124 325 106 111 161 162-2 189 223 207-2 226-2 106 223 171-1 214 115 324 113 208 100 326 195 151 142 157 96 93 105 214 248-1 34 13 34
124 325 326 187 135 162-2 189 223 207-2 226-2 106 223 171-1 214 195 326 81 225 94 325 231 151 184 157 96 84 105 224-1 248-1 35 15 35
326 187 135 195 326 81 225 94 325 227-1 217 184 183 162-1 173 106 241-1 246-1 36 23 36
109 217 183 162-1 97 106 215-1 180 37 25 37
38 16 38

Family test 169 229 180
39
40
41
100 18
21

17
39
40
41
42 19 42
43 43
44 10 44
45 81 187 45
46 86 105 46
47 ROC22 47
48 5 187 48
49 106 117 6/ 49
50
1 2 3
Seedling stage
81
4 5
132
6 7 8 9 10 11
50
12
The traditional selection process

Stage 1
180 900
156
160 800
Amount of seedling (thousand)

families seedlings
140 131 135 763 700
115.2120 120 110

Amount of families
120 600
99 612
100 93 500
545 535 521
80 400
57
60 43.9 47 44 331 309 300
37 39 300
40 200
20 217 227
187
20 13.6 100
34 29 28 49 53 88
0 0

Year

Amount of families and seedlings used for selection since 2000

The traditional selection process

Stage 2: 1000 ~ 1200 clones, prefix YZ or YR is given.

Stage 3: 300 ~ 500 clones
Stage 4: 50 ~ 70 clones
Stage 5: 12 ~ 24 clones

Clone Dehong Lingcang Baoshan Banna Yuanjiang

YZ07-1470
YZ07-1509
YZ07-1518
YZ07-1757
YZ07-1880
YZ07-2384
YSRI
YZ07-2420 YSRI
YZ07-2509
YZ07-2582
YZ07-2750
YZ08-1609
YZ08-1122
YZ08-1145
YZ08-1177
YZ08-1236 Top clones at stage 3 are tested
The traditional selection process

Release
1-2 promising clones
8 sites (4 irrigated, 4 rainfed) for releasing in Yunnan, 14 sites for release in China
Two plant crops, one ratoon crop.
Three reps, 4 rows / rep, row length of 6.0 m, row space of 1.0
Inoculating smut, mosaic for testing the resistance
Water stress for testing resistance to drought
The clone meets at least one of the following condition:
Equal cane yield with CK, 0.5% higher in sugar content;
Equal sugar content to CK, 8% higher in cane yield;
Equal cane yield and sugar content with CK, better resistance to Smut or Mosaic or
drought.
Is going to be released.
The traditional selection process

Summary of the decision process leading to the release of sugarcane cultivar YZ05-51 in
mainland China.
Year Month stage Stage and selection decision Number of locations
genotypes in
stage
2004 Dec. --- Cross yacheng 90-56 ROC23 --- Kaiyuan,
was planned Yunnan
Province
2005 Jan. --- Cross of Yacheng90-56 --- Yacheng,
ROC23 was made and fuzz was Hainan Province
produced.
2005 Feb. --- Seeds were sowed for seedlings --- Kaiyuan,Yunnan
nursery. Province
2005 May Stage 1 Seedlings were transplanted into 48500 Kaiyuan,Yunnan
field for selection in stage 1. Province
2006 Jan. Stage 2 Seedlings were selected from 1406 Kaiyuan,Yunnan
stage 1 and advanced to stage 2 Province
2007 Jan. Stage 3 Selection in stage 2 and selected 367 Kaiyuan,
clones were advanced to stage 3. Yunnan
Province
2008 Jan. Stage 5 Selection in stage 3 and the 18 18 Kaiyuan,Yunnan
selected clones were advanced Province
to stage 5.
2009 Jan. Stage 5 Stage 5 was ratooned and second 18 Kaiyuan,Yunnan
plant crop was planted. Province
2010 Jan. Stage 5 First ratoon and second plant 18 Kaiyuan,Yunnan
crop of stage 5 were harvested Province
2010 Jan. Pre- YZ05-51 was advanced to pre- 12 14 locations in
regional regional trial of China regional Mainland China
test trial of sugarcane
variety(CRTSV)
2011 Feb. Regional Pre-regional trial of China 12 14 locations in
test sugarcane variety was harvested Mainland China
and YZ05-51 was advanced to
CRTSV.
2012 Feb. Regional Plant crop of CRTSV was 12 14 locations in
test ratooned and 2nd plant crop was mainland China
planted.
2013 Feb. Regional 2nd plant and 1st ratoon crops of 12 14 locations in
test CRTSV were harvested. mainland China
2013 July Release YZ05-51 was released 1 ---
Sugarcane selection at early stages

Selecting from large amount of seedlings

Are we fishing for a needle ?
Some natures and selection at seedlings
stage:
A seedling is a genotype
Amount > 100, 000
No replication for genotype
Vigor based selection is not reliable
(widely reported)
We have to discard most of them so are at a
risk of missing the elite Make the ocean having a needle
smaller !
Sugarcane selection at early stages

Improve the quality of seedling and stage 2

Produce potential fuzzy Family selection improve the quality of

stage 2
----Arnaldo Raizer et al., 2013. CTC breeding program
Sugarcane selection at early stages

Improve the quality of seedling and stage 2

Disease infection For selection

Sprouting ability

Discarded
Sugarcane selection at early stages

Establish an improved population for selection

Improved seedling or stage1 consists of

Tradition seedling or stage1 consists of individuals with good:
individuals with wide variation for: Tillering ability
Tillering ability Disease resistance
Disease resistance Other traits
Other traits
Sugarcane selection at early stages

Why tillering ability ?

Discontinued
Attempt to screening drought tolerance
In use
seedlings in 2006 at YSRI
Short cuts for selection in most early stage for
ratooning ----from Dr. Sarewat, SBFCRC
Sugarcane selection at early stages

Why tillering ability ?

Tillering ability is an key traits for cane yield accumulation
Tillering ability could be visually judged at early growth
Tillering ability genetically correlated with millable stalks
Selecting millable stalks at stage 1 increases the constitution of more millable-clone
for stage 2

Genetic correlation 0.64 Selection on millable stalk/stool at seedling stage

increase the percentage of clone with good
millable stalks
Sugarcane selection at early stages

The selection is simple, amount of tiller

Sugarcane selection at early stages

The millable stalks is significantly improved at seedling stage

Sugarcane selection at early stages

Diseases are innoculated through the cut

A PROMISING clone at stage 5 or later is identified as susceptible to a major
disease could be a disaster for sugarcane breeding.
We dont wait for a natural infection, wed better eliminate it at early stage.

RSD, mosaic and smut suspension

Sugarcane selection at early stages

The symptoms of Mosaic and smut before field conditions

Mosaic Smut
Sugarcane selection at early stages

The symptoms of Mosaic and smut at field conditions

Mosaic Smut
Sugarcane selection at early stages

Disease inoculation is proved to be effective

The incidence (%) of Mosaic, RSD and Smut

between inoculated and natural infected seedlings
during year 2011 - 2013
Sugarcane selection at early stages

For brown rust and orange rust

Inoculation

OR BR
0 1 2 3 4
1 - 5104 spores suspension is applied to seedlings leaves, then overnight at18.3 room temperature.
According to the observations at Canal Point, 86% and 65% (level 2) are discarded for susceptible
to brown rust and orange rust, respectively.
Sugarcane selection at early stages

Scale for Orange rust on seedlings

0 1 2 3 4

OR rating on April 30,2014

Sugarcane selection at early stages

For seedlings before field selection, sprouting test,

inoculations of smut, mosaic, RSD are combined as:

Seedlings
Transplanted
Trimmed
Wait for
sprouting Smut,Mosaic,RSD

Good ratooning
and resistant to Selection
major disease Tradition Selected
process seedlings
Stage1
Sugarcane selection at early stages

A location specific to this program has been established with a

capacity of treating 80,000 seedlings a year (0.16 ha).
The new cultivar YZ05-51

17 17.00 16.13
102 101.23 100.8 15.68
16.00
100 16 15.93 14.91 14.68

Sugar content %
15.49 15.00
98 15 13.61

TSH
14.73 14.00
TCH

96 14.5
94.09 14 YZ05-51 YZ05-51
13.00
94 13.44 ROC22 ROC22
92 13 ROC16 12.00 ROC16

90 12 11.00
YZ05-51 ROC22 ROC16 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

YZ05-51 (Yacheng90-56 x ROC23) was released in China in July, 2013 for its
high TCH and TSH, strong ratooning ability, high resistance to Smut, drought
resistant, moderate resistance to Mosaic.

Data for TCH, sugar content and TSH were average values from 14 sites
distributing in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong and Fujian at two plant crops and one
ratoon crop.
The new cultivar YZ05-51
Thank you for your kind attention!