Constructivist approach

views learning as a process of

constructing meaning which
is greatly influence by the
learners accumulated
experiences and
understandings.
1. From the constructivist
perspective, teaching is not
considered as merely transmitting
knowledge and information (facts,
concepts, principle) to student but
rather as providing students with
relevant experiences from which
they can construct their own
meaning.
2. The teacher act as a facilitator
providing opportunities for a
stimulating dialogue to that
meaning could and be
constructed.

3.Her repertoire of instructional

materials include learning
activities and events rather than
fixed documents.
 4. The teacher ceases to be the
traditional sole source of
authority in the classroom

Necessarily, her lessons are actively

5.

oriented in order for them to

experience or gain personal
experience through active
involvement.
6.Participation with
understanding enable them to
live through a learning episode ,
thus discovering information by
themselves.
SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS

Since this approach emphasizes that

learning is influenced by past experiences
suggestions on how the students can
acquire meanings are hereby offered.

1. In introducing a lesson, always find

connection with the previous one
through a review.
2.Inquiry teaching suits the
constructivists.
3.Reflection is an important activity
wherein the learner recaptures an
experimence, thinks about it and
evaluates it.
4. Plan learning activities that will
develop critical critical thinking skills,
creativity and innovativeness such as
performing own experiments and in-
depth investigations.
5.Since construction and
reconstruction of meanings is
an active and uniquely
individual process, student
must be encouraged to work
independently.
Educators are foremost
believers in the old clich.
Experience is the best
teacher. A natural part of
learning if this be true, is the
occurrence of personal
knowledge or personal
involvement.
 Experiential learning is essentially
1.

a way of acquiring knowledge of

skills through direct and keen
observations followed by an
analysis of what has been sensed
and understood.
2. Children learn best from experiences
with natural occurrences and with
concrete objects in the environment.

3. Experience gained through interactions with

other individuals also promote learning
situations.
4.Such accumulated experiences are further
examined and evaluated by themselves, thus
enabling them to formulate new insights as
well as gain new skills.
5. Experiential learning requires that :
a. A child should be personally involved in the
learning task.
b. The knowledge and information must be
discovered by the child herself.
c. The objective of the learning activity must be
clearly understood.

6.Experiential Learning can be distinguished

from other teaching models in that it
emphasizes directly experiencing what one
is studying, also making conclusions and
generalizations based on direct experience.
7. On the part of the teacher, she
should listen carefully and be able to
pick-up subtle cues from every
classroom encounter.

Learning by doing is an appropriate

rationale in planning a teaching learning
situation using this methodology.
1. Involve the students in planning a
learning activity.

2. Allow sufficient time for student reflection.

Unless analyzed and evaluated the experience
may be left to waste.

3.During analysis of a learning experience,

pay attention to positive feelings.
4.Encourage student to communicate their
experience to others.

5.Have an adequate supply of materials and

tools available in order to facilitate simple
investigations and instant explorations in the
environment.

6.Include a wide variety of real -life situations

in planning a lesson.
7.Encourage the student records their
observations in order to assist in their own
recall and interpretations.

8.On the teachers part , a journal would be of

great help in keeping track of observable
change. The journal entry should include :

a. Description of the learning event

b.Outcomes of consequences of the event.
c. Causes of success and failures
d.Value of such event
1. FOR BEGINNING TEACHERS
a. Experiential learning for beginning teachers
can be promoted through interaction with
colleagues.
b. Joining professional organizations that
convene members regularly.
c. Travelling is the best way to enrich ones
knowledge about a lifetime profession.
2. FOR STUDENTS
Take the class out on educational tours to the
following.
a. Nature in order to view different landscape and
natural ecosystem.
b. Cultural centers, to enjoy stage presentations,
professional lectures and native celebrations.
c. Their own communities, in order to acquaint them
with government and non-government agencies
serving the needs of community members.
d. Industrial and commercial establishments
e. Academic institutions for sharing of resources, both
human and material.
One of the activities after the students
undertake an investigation of a topic is the
preparation of the data and other information
gathered.
Reports of activities, be it experimentations
in the laboratory, interview or field studies,
could be presented in several ways.
If a step by step procedure was employed, a
written report can present the findings
clearly and accurately. For simple brief
explanations as in a field trip, the salient
observations can be narrated in an report.
1. Report can be either in oral or written form.
2. The preparation of the reports developed
the skill in gathering relevant information and
presenting them in a clear and easy to
interpret illustrations such as graphs and
tabulations.
3. The ability to communicate in their own
words and in an interesting manner is
developed.
4.This activity is an effective way of searching for
an exceptional and not-too-common information
such as biographies and historical accounts.

5.The skill and experience gained in presenting a

scientific paper is a valued achievement.

6.Special reports require careful evaluation and

can be part of a students best work portfolio.

7. Oral reports may be evaluated instantly, hence

criteria that will be used must be clear
beforehand.
1.Special Reports are resorted to either by
an individual or by groups. The manner of
reporting may be suggested by the
teacher.
2. If the reporting will be done by group,
make sure that everyone is actively involved in
the activity.
3. Individual report may be assigned for topics
that are rare and the data needed is difficult to
gather. Allow more time for the research.
4. In order to be able to prepare an authentic
report, suggest techniques such as interviews
or actual visits to the area being observed.

5.Refrain from plagerizing when printed

materials are consulted.

6.Scientific reports are written starting with a

statement of the problem. Gathering and
recording of evidences, analysis, and
formulation of conclusion.
7. Oral reports must be assigned to those who
can deliver well organized information and can
command the attention of the class.

8. All sources of information must be fully

acknowledged.
1. Results of experiments conducted on
some vegetables by the Department of
Agriculture.
2. Reports of an interview with an
internationally acclaimed poet.
3. Record of mayon volcano eruptions.

4. Experiences of a Math wizard.

 5. Life story of a Magsaysay awardee.

6. Survey ratings of a government official.

7.Qualifications of a teacher awardee.

8. Ones own experiences.

9.Travel and insights.