Solutions of Homework

problems
 Resistive circuits

Problem 1
Use KVL and Ohms law to compute voltages va and vb .

-
v1 From Ohms law:
v1=8kW*i1=8[V]
v2=2kW*i2=-2[V]
+
-
v2
+ Form KVL:
+ va=5[V]-v2=7[V]
+ vb=15[V]-v1-va=0[V]

- -
 Resistive circuits

Problem 2
Write equations to compute voltages v1 and v2 , next find the current value of i1

v1
i1
v2
From KCL:
40W 50 mA=v1/40+(v1-v2)/40
and
40W 80W 100 mA
50 mA
100 mA=v2/80+(v2-v1)/40

Multiply first equation by 40:

2=v1+v1-v2=2v1-v2
From second equation:
8=v2+2(v2-v1)=3v2-2v1 add both sides:
10=2v2 => v2=5 [V], v1=1+v2 /2=3.5[V]
i1= (v1-v2)/40=-1.5/40=37.5 [mA]
 Thevenin & Norton

Problem 3: Find Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuit for the network shown.
I1
N1 N2

I2
vt
From KVL
 Thevenin & Norton

I1
N1 N2

I2 Isc
From KVL
 Thevenin & Norton

RTh=vt/Isc=-1.33

Note: Negative vt indicates that the polarity is reversed and as a

result this circuit has a negative resistance.
RTh=-1.33 A
A

+ In=4.5 A RTh=-1.33
Vt=-6 V _

B B

Thevenin Equivalent Norton Equivalent

Problem 4: Find the current i and the voltage v across LED diode
in the circuit shown on Fig. a) assuming that the diode
characteristic is shown on Fig. b).

Draw load line. Intersection of load

line and diode characteristic is the i
and v across LED diode: v 1.02 V
and i 7.5 mA.
 Problem 5: Sketch i versus v to scale for each of the circuits
shown below. Assume that the diodes are ideal and allow v to
range from -10 V to +10 V.
i
(a)
+

v 2k
5
_
4

Diode is on for v > 0 and R=2k. 3

i (mA)
2

0
-10 -5 0 5 10
v (V)

In a series connection voltages are added for each constant current

 Problem 5: Sketch i versus v to scale for each of the circuits
shown below. Assume that the diodes are ideal and allow v to
range from -10 V to +10 V.
i
(a)
+

v 2k
5
_
4

i (mA)
2

0
-10 -5 0 5 10
v (V)

Resulting characteristics
 Problem 5: Sketch i versus v to scale for each of the circuits
shown below. Assume that the diodes are ideal and allow v to
range from -10 V to +10 V.
(b)
i 1k Due to the presence of the 5V
+
+ supply the diode conducts only
v 5V for v > 5, R = 1k
_
_ 5

i (mA) 2

0
-10 -5 0 5 10
v (V)

First combine diode and resistance then add the voltage source
 Problem 5: Sketch i versus v to scale for each of the circuits
shown below. Assume that the diodes are ideal and allow v to
range from -10 V to +10 V.
i
+
(c)
2k 1k
v
A B
_
10
Diode B is on for v > 0 and R=1k.
Diode A is on for v < 0 and R=2k.
5

i (mA) 0

-5
-10 -5 0 5 10
v (V)
Problem 5: Sketch i versus v to scale for each of the circuits
shown below. Assume that the diodes are ideal and allow v to
range from -10 V to +10 V.
i
(d) +
D
C
v 1k
_

Diode D is on for v > 0 and R=1k. 10

Diode C is on for v < 0 and R=0.
5

i (mA)
0

-5
-10 -5 0 5 10
v (V)
 Problem 6: Assuming ideal diodes sketch to scale the transfer
characteristics (vo versus vin) for the circuit shown below.

1k +

+ 1k
vin _ vo
3V +
_
+ 1k
vin _ vo
Case I: vin > 0
Both diodes are on, and act as short _
circuits. The equivalent circuit is shown
here.
vo = vin
 Problem 6: Assuming ideal diodes sketch to scale the transfer
characteristics (vo versus vin) for the circuit shown below.

Case II: vin < 0

Both diodes are reverse biased and
1k +
vo is the sum of the voltage drops
+ 1k across Zener diode and 1k
vin _ vo
resistor.
3V
_

1k +

+ 1k
vin _ vo
3V
_
 Problem 6: Assuming ideal diodes sketch to scale the transfer
characteristics (vo versus vin) for the circuit shown below.

Case II: vin < 0

Both diodes are reverse biased and
1k +
vo is the sum of the voltage drops
+ 1k across Zener diode and 1k
vin _ vo
resistor.
3V
_

1k +
Case IIa: -3V < vin < 0
1k
vo = vin, because the current through vin
+
_ vo
Zener diode is zero, all negative
voltage drop is across the Zener _
diode.
 Problem 6: Assuming ideal diodes sketch to scale the transfer
characteristics (vo versus vin) for the circuit shown below.

vo
1k +
1
+ 1k 1
vin _ vo -3V vin
+
-3V _
_
-3V
1
Case IIb: vin < -3V 2
Excess voltage below -3V is
dropped across the two resistors
(1kW and 1kW), with
vo = (1/2)*(vin+3)-3= vin/2-1.5 [V].
(a)
+

5V
-
+

4V Ia
-
 D
(a)
+

5V
G -
+

4V Ia
-
S
(b)
+
S
3V Ib
- G
+

1V
- D
(c)
+ S
5V Ic
- G
-

4V
+ D
(d) D
Id

+
G
1V
+
-
3V
- S