AGRICULTURE PRACTICES

INDEX
MEANING OF AGRICULTUE.
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES.
STEPS FOR AGRICULTURAL
PRACTICES.
PREPARATION OF SOIL.
SOWING.
ADDING MANURE AND FERTILIZERS.
IRRIGATION.
PROTECTION FROM WEEDS.
HARVESTING.
 AGRICULTURE
Agriculture is also called farming or husbandry. It is the
cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for
food, fiber, biofuel and other products used to sustain life.
Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary
human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species
created food surplus that nurtured the development of
civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural
science. Agriculture generally speaking refers to human
activities, although it is also observed in certain species of ant
and termite. Agricultural practices such as irrigation, crop
rotation, fertilizers, pesticides and animals were developed long
ago.
 AGRICULTURE PRACTICES
Agricultural Practices means the steps involved in agriculture which can
be seen generally been done by farmers and gardeners. Agricultural
practices such as irrigation, crop rotation, fertilizers, pesticides and
animals were developed long ago, but have made great strides in the past
century. The history of agriculture has played a major role in human
history, as agricultural progress has been a crucial factor in worldwide
socio economic change. Division of labor in agricultural societies made
commonplace specializations rarely seen in hunter-gatherer cultures. So,
too, are arts such as epic literature and monumental architecture, as well
as codified legal systems. When farmers became capable of producing
food beyond the needs of their own families, others in their society were
freed to devote themselves to projects other than food acquisition.
Historians and anthropologists have long argued that the development of
agriculture made civilization possible. The total world population
probably never exceeded 15 million inhabitants before the invention of
agriculture.
 STEPS FOR
AGRICULTURE PRACTICES
PREPERATION OF SOIL.
SOWING.
ADDING MANURE AND FERTILIZERS.
IRRIGATION.
PROTECTION FROM WEEDS.
HARVESTING.
STORAGE .
 PREPIRATION OF SOIL
Prior to planting, the soil needs to be prepared, usually
by some form of tillage or chemical "burn-down" to kill
the weeds in the seedbed that would crowd out the crop
or compete with it for water and nutrients. Depending on
the amount of crop residue they leave on the surface.
Residue slows the flow of runoff that can displace and
carry away soil particles.
 SOWING PROCESS
Sowing is the process of planting seeds. Seed soaking is generally
done by placing seeds in medium hot water for at least 24 to up to
48 hours Seed cleaning is done especially with fruit (as the flesh of
the fruit around the seed can quickly become prone to attack from
insects or plagues. To clean the seed, usually seed rubbings with
cloth/paper is performed, sometimes assisted with a seed washing.
Seed washing is generally done by submerging cleansed seeds 20
minutes in 50 degree Celsius water. This (rather hot than
moderately hot) water kills any organisms that may have survived
on the skin of a seed. Especially with easily infected tropical fruit
such as leeches and rambutans, seed washing with high temperature
water is vital
 ADDING MANURES AND
FERTILZERS
Plant requires food/nutrients/elements for its growth and development
which are absorbed through soil. The nutrient supplying sources are
manures and fertilizers. Application of manures and fertilizers to the soil
is one of the important factors which help in increasing the crop yield and
to maintain the soil fertility.
Manure: It is a well decomposed refuse from the stable and barn yards
including both animal excreta and straw or other litter. Or he term manure
implies to the any material with the exception of water which when added
to the soil makes it productive and promotes plant growth.
Fertilizers: These are industrially manufactured chemicals containing
plant nutrients. Or It is an artificial product containing the plant nutrients
which when added to soil makes it productive and promotes plant
growth.
 IRRIGATION
Irrigation is the process of supplying dry land with water by
means of ditches etc .It is the artificial application of water to the
land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops,
maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in
dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Additionally,
irrigation also has a few other uses in crop production, which
include protecting plants against frost.
PROTECTION FROM WEEDS
A wild plant growing where it is not wanted and in competition with
cultivated plants. Weeds can compete with productive crops or pasture, or
convert productive land into unusable scrub. Weeds are also often
poisonous, distasteful, produce burrs, thorns or other damaging body parts
or otherwise interfere with the use and management of desirable plants by
contaminating harvests or excluding livestock.
 HARVESTING.
Harvesting crops involves getting the crop out of the field and transported to
market. Most crops are harvested in the fall, except for hay which is cut several
times over the course of the summer. Field crops are harvested by machine,
while small fruits and other food crops are typically harvested by hand,
although in certain cases, they may be harvested by machine.

Equipment Used For Harvesting.

1. Tractors.
2. Forage Harvesters.
3. Combines.
4. Cotton Harvesters.
5. Grain Carts.
6. Balers.