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Poissons and Laplace Equations
From the point form of Gaus's Law
Laplaces Equation
Del_dot_D v
if v 0
Definition D
Del_dot_ D v
D E Del_Del Laplacian
v
Del_DelV Poissons Equation
Poissons and Laplace Equations
LapR
d d V(x y z) d d V(x y z) d d V(x y z)
dx dx dy dy d z d z
1 d d 1 d d V z d d V z
LapC V z
d d d d
2 d z d z
1 d 2d
LapS r V r
1 d d
sin V r
1
d d
V r
2 dr dr d
r r
2
sin d 2
r sin 2 d d
Examples of the Solution of Laplaces Equation
D7.1
Given
4 y z x 1
V( x y z) y 2 o 8.854 10
12
2
x 1
z 3 V( x y z) 12
Find: V @ and v at P
LapR
d d V( x y z) d d V( x y z) d d V( x y z)
LapR 12
d x d x d y d y d z d z
10
v LapR o v 1.062 10
Uniqueness Theorem
Given is a volume V with a closed surface S. The function V(x,y,z) is
completely determined on the surface S. There is only one function V(x,y,z)
with given values on S (the boundary values) that satisfies the Laplace
equation.
Example 7.1
V o x
V
d
Examples of the Solution of Laplaces Equation
Steps
Q S
C
Vo d
Examples of the Solution of Laplaces Equation
ln b
V Vo
ln
b
a
2 L
C
ln b
a
Examples of the Solution of Laplaces Equation
Example 7.3
Examples of the Solution of Laplaces Equation
1 1
r b
V Vo
1 1
a b
4
C
1 1
a b
Examples of the Solution of Laplaces Equation
Example 7.5
ln tan
V Vo
2
ln tan
2
2 r1
C
ln cot
2
Examples of the Solution of Poissons Equation
1
1
v( x) 0
charge density
1 1
10 5 0 5 10
10 x 10
E( x)
E field intensity
1
10 x 10
0.5
0.5
V( x) 0
potential
0.5 0.5
10 5 0 5 10
10 x 10
Product Solution Of Laplace's Equation
Referring to the figure below and the specific boundary conditions for the potential on the four
sides of the structure ...
... choose the dimensions a and b of the box and the potential boundary condition V0:
n 1 3 nmax Only the odd n terms are summed since all even n terms are zero.
The potential V everywhere inside the structure was determined in Example 3.24 to be:
4 V0 n x n y
1
V( x y) sinh sin
n b a a
n nsinh
a
Plot V versus x at y = a/2
Product Solution Of Laplace's Equation
We will generate three different plots of this potential. T he first is V as a function of x thro
the center of the box structure. T he other two plots will show the potential within the inter
of the box in the xy plane. Choose the number of points to plot V in the x and y directions
i 0 npts 1 j 0 npts 1
xend yend
xi i yj j
npts 1 npts 1
Now plot the potential as a function of x through the center of the box at y = a/2:
V at y = a/2
2.5
2
For a rectangular box with
b 0.5 (m)
V (Volts)
1.5
a 0.5 (m)
1
and
V0 2 (V)
0.5
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
x (meters)
Product Solution Of Laplace's Equation
Computed Exact
a
V b 2.0303 (V) V0 2.0000 (V)
2
For nmax 41 , the percent error in the potential at this point is:
a
V b V0
Error
2 100 Error 1.515 (%)
V0
Product Solution Of Laplace's Equation
Plot V throughout the inside of the box
Now we will plot the potential throughout the interior of the rectangular box structure. Fir
compute V at the matrix of pointsi x
and yj:
i j V xi yj
Potential
Now generate a contour plot of Potential
i,j:
Plot of V(x,y)
yend 0.500 ( m)
y = 0 (m)
Potential
x = 0 (m) xend 0.500 ( m)
We can observe in this plot that the potential is a complicated function of x and y. (The su
plot below may help in visualizing the variation of V throughout the interior of this box.) T
potential is symmetric about the plane y = a/2 which we would expect since the box and th
boundary conditions are both symmetric about this same plane.
Product Solution Of Laplace's Equation
V(x,y)
Potential
The jagged edge on the potential at the far wall is due to numerical error and is a nonphysical
result. The potential along that wall should exactly equal
V 0 2 (V)
since that is the applied potential along that wall. This jaggedness in the numerical solution can
be reduced by increasing the number of terms in the infinite summation (n max ) for V and/or
increasing the number of points to plot in the contour and surface plots (npts).