Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
MIS 104:
Computing
Fundamentals
BBA
Department of MIS
University of Dhaka
Books
1. Introduction to Computer
Peter Norton
2. Computer Fundamentals
Dr. M Lutfar Rahman
3. Computer Fundamentals
Pradeep K. Sinha
3
Previous class
>>Organization of computer
Input Unit
Output Unit
Memory unit
Control Unit
ALU
4
Todays Class
Output unit
>>Output Unit
Printer
Monitor
plotter
Speaker
Touch Screen
6
Printer
8
Dot matrix printer: Mechanism
9
Dot Matrix Printer
10
Dot matrix printer: Advantages
11
Dot matrix printer: Dis-advantages
Limited quality
12
Laser printer: mechanism
13
Laser printer: mechanism
15
Laser printer: Advantages
16
Laser printer: Dis-advantages
Printer is costly
Rough use can damage the lens and the
mirror
Toner is costly and need to be changed
after a thousand of page printed.
17
Ink jet printers: requirements
18
Ink jet printers: Mechanism
20
Inkjet Printer
21
Ink jet printers: Advantages
22
Ink jet printers: Dis-advantages
23
Output device: Monitor
Flat-panel display
Ex- LCD, LED etc
24
Output device: Monitor
Paper-white display
26
Monitor : Phosphor dots
27
Monitor : Pixel
28
Resolution
29
Refresh rate & Dot pitch
30
Organization of (CRT)
31
Mechanism
32
Mechanism : Scanning
33
Mechanism : Scanning
left right
top
bottom
Indicates pixel
34
Why TV is not used as monitor?
35
Advantages of CRT monitor
36
Disadvantages of CRT monitor
Large In size
Not portable
37
Advantages of FLAT PANEL(LCD) monitor
38
Advantages of FLAT PANEL(LCD) monitor
39
Advantages of FLAT PANEL(LCD) monitor
40
Advantages of FLAT PANEL(LCD) monitor
High resolution
41
Advantages of FLAT PANEL(LCD) monitor
High resolution
42
Disadvantages of FLAT PANEL(LCD) monitor
43
Output unit: Speaker
45
Output device: Touch screen
46
Output unit: Plotter
47
Output unit: Plotter
48
Memory Unit
Memory
Memory:
One or more set of chips that stores data or
programmed instructions either temporarily or
permanently.
Classification of memory:
1. Primary memory
2. Secondary memory
50
Location of different memories
ALU
CONTROL
INPUT UNIT OUTPUT
UNIT UNIT
MAIN MEMORY
OR
RESISTERS
SECONDARY MEMORY
51
Calculations of storage capacity
01KB 1024 B
01 MB 1024.1024 B
01 GB 1024.1024.1024 B
01 TB 1024.1024.1024.1024 B
52
Memory Terminologies
A
0000
Memory Address: 0001 B
Memory locations are 0002 100
identified by numbers
FFFD X
FFFE Y
FFFF
53
Memory Terminologies
A
Memory Word: 0000
When memory is read or written, a block 0001 B
of bit is read or written instead of a
single bit. 0002 100
FFFD X
A set of bit with which read/write
operation is done in a certain storage FFFE Y
device is called memory word
FFFF
Example: 08 bits or 01 Byte memory
word clearly 01000000 (08 bits)
represents 64 and its character is @;
here, this digital 08 bits in combine
known as a memory word
54
Memory Terminologies
Destructive:
composed of capacitors, data disappears when
read operation is done, needs re-write
operation to retain data
Non-destructive:
reverse nature
Example: semiconductor, switch, flash
memory, pen drive
55
Memory Terminologies
Volatile:
Type of memory where data remains only when
the power supply is on.
Ex-RAM
Non-volatile:
here content remains even the power is turned
off
Example: hard disk, floppy disk, flash drive etc
56
Memory Terminologies:
Memory operation
Memory store/write:
The process of storing or writing data at the
specific location of the memory
Data is stored as bits
Ex- CD writing operation
57
Memory Terminologies:
Memory operation
Memory read:
Also called fetch operation
To read stored data or to process that stored
data
A binary word is selected from a specific
address of memory and this is transferred to
another device
Example: To hear a song from CD or any drive
58
Memory Terminologies:
Memory access
Random access:
Any location of storage can be accessed at
any moment
Does not matter whether the desired access
location is too close or a far away
Consumes almost same amount of time
Found in primary and secondary memory
59
Memory Terminologies:
Memory access
Sequential:
accessing a bit of information in a serial order,
one after another
Access time depends on the last
order/information execution time
Example: Off line storage such as playing a
song from magnetic tape
60
Primary memory
61
Primary memory: RAM
Volatile
Temporary in nature
62
Different types of RAM
63
Primary memory: ROM
Non-volatile
permanent
64
Different types of ROM
ROM
65
Secondary memory
Auxiliary unit
Storing capacity is huge
Normally non-volatile
66
Secondary memory: Magnetic
67
Secondary memory: Optical
68
Memory address:
70
Cache memory:
71
Resisters
72
Question...???