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PAROTID GLAND

PAROTID GLAND
PAROTID GLANDS
Largest of the
three major
salivary glands

Situated below
the external
acoustic meatus
between the
ramus of the
mandible and
sternocleidomastoi
d muscle
overlapping
DEVELOPMENT
5th week of IU
Just lateral to the angle of primary oral
fissure as an ectodermal furrow.
Branches repeatedly to form duct
system and acini.
Opens into angle of primitive mouth.
With the growth of maxillary and
mandibular processes the duct opening
is shifted to the vestibule opposite the
max 2nd molar.
Mesoderm forms the intervening
connective tissue.
Gross anatomy.
Size 15g

Shape
Three sided inverted pyramid
base above
apex down

Surface
superior(base)
superficial
Site Parotid region bounded
Anteriorly posterior border of ramus of
mandible
Posteriorly mastoid process above and
sternocleidomastoid muscle below
Superiorly external acoustic meatus and
posterior part of the capsule of TMJ
Inferiorly posterior belly of digastric
and stylohyoid muscles
Medially Styloid process
Coverings
Inner true capsule formed by
condensation of fibrous stroma of the
gland. Outer false capsule[Parotid
Sheath] formed by splitting of
investing layer of deep cervical fascia.
Relations
Apex
Overlaps posterior
belly of digastric and
adjoining part of carotid
triangle.

Emerge :
cervical branch of
facial nerve.
ant & post division of
retro-mandibular vein.
Relations
Base
Small and concave

Related to
Cartilagenous part of EOM
Posterior surface of TMJ.
Superficial temporal vessels.
Auriculotemporal nerve.
Relations
Superficial surface

Largest of the four surface

Covered by
Skin
Superficial fascia containing
anterior branches of the great auricular nerve
preauricular parotid lymph nodes
posterior fibres of platysma and risorius
Parotid fascia
Deep parotid lymph nodes
Relations
Anteromedial surface

Grooved by posterior border of mandibular ramus.

Related to
Masseter
Lateral aspect of TM joint.
Medial pterygoid.
Branches of facial nerve.
Maxillary artery.
Relations
Posteromedial surface

Relations
Mastoid process with SCM and post
belly of digastric attached to it
Styloid process with structures attached

ECA enters the gland


ICA lies deep to the styloid process
Relations
Anterior border
Separates superficial
from anteromedial
surfaces.

Emerge:
Parotid duct
Terminal branches of
facial nerve
Transverse facial
vessels
Relations
Posterior border

Separates the superficial surface from the


posteromedial surface
Overlaps SCM
Relations
Medial border
Separates
anteromedial surface
from the
posteromedial
surfaces.

Relation
Lateral wall of
pharynx
PAROTID CAPSULE
Investing layer of deep cervical fascia forms a
capsule for the gland
Fascia splits to enclose the gland.
Superficial lamina thick and adherent to the
gland is attached above to the zygomatic arch.
Deep lamina is thin and is attached to the styloid
process the mandible and tympanic plate.
Portion of deep lamina extending between
styloid process & the mandible ,thickened to
form stylomandibular ligament .
Structures within the gland
Parotid duct
Thick walled
5cm long

Course
Emerges from middle of ant
border of the gland , run forwards
and slightly downwards on the
masseter

Runs obliquely

Turns medially at the ant border of


the masseter to traverse buccal
fat and buccinator
Opens upon a small papilla opp to
max 2nd molar
Relations of parotid duct
Superiorly
Accessory parotid
gland
Upper branch of Inferiorly
facial nerve
Lower branch of
Transverse facial facial nerve
vessels
Blood supply.
Artery
External Carotid artery
Posterior auricular
Transverse facial of superficial temporal
artery

Vein - External jugular vein


Internal jugular vein
Lymphatic drainage.
Into superficial and deep group of
parotid lymph nodes.
Efferents from these nodes drain into
jugulodigastric group of deep cervical
nodes.
Nerve supply
Parasympathetic secretomotor
auriculotemporal nerve
Sympathetic vasomotor plexus
around middle meningeal artery
Sensory
Parotid gland auriculotemporal
nerve
Parotid fascia greater auricular
nerve
Parasympathetic nerve supply.
Inferior salivatory nucleus Pre ganglionic

9th cranial nerve

Tympanic branch

Tympanic plexus

Lesser petrosal nerve

Otic ganglion

Post ganglionic thro Auriculotemporal nerve

Parotid gland
Applied anatomy
Infections
Mumps viral parotitis
orchitis , oophoritis, pancreatitis,
meningo encephalitis
Parotid abscess
Frey syndrome
Parotid neoplasm
Pleomorphic adenoma Malignant pleomorphic adenoma
Warthins tumour Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Thank
you

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