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OPERABILITY STUDY
Basis
a word model, a process flow sheet (PFD) or a piping and
instrumentation diagram (P&ID)
Method
use guide words to question every part of process to discover what deviations
from the intention of design can occur and what are their causes and
consequences may be.
PRINCIPLES OF HAZOPS
GUIDE WORDS*
NONE
MORE OF
LESS OF
PART OF
MORE THAN
OTHER
INTENTION
The intention defines how the plant is expected to operate in the absence of deviations
at the study nodes.
DEVIATIONS
These are departures from the intension which can be discovered by systematically
applying the guide words.
Process conditions
activities
substances
time
place
GUIDE WORDS
EXAMPLE
C
The flowsheet shows that raw material streams A and B are transferred by
pump to a reactor, where they react to form product C. Assume that the
flow rate of B should not exceed that of A. Otherwise, an explosion may
occur. Lets consider the flow of A in line 1:
FB FA
NONE No flow of A
MORE Flow of A greater than design flow
LESS Flow of A less than design flow
AS WELL AS Transfer of some component additional to A
PART OF Failure to transfer a component of A
REVERSE Flow of A in a direction opposite to design direction
OTHER THAN Transfer of some material other than A
Beginning
1 Select a vessel
3 Select a line
8 Examine consequences
9 Detect hazards
11 Repeat 6-10 for all meaningful deviations derived from first guide words
12 Repeat 5-11 for all the guide words
13 Mark line as having been examined
14 Repeat 3-13 for each line
15 Select an auxiliary system (e.g. Heating system)
16 Explain the intention of the auxiliary system
17 Repeat 5-12 for auxiliary system
18 Mark auxiliary as having been examined
19 Repeat 15-18 for all auxiliaries
20
Explain intention of the vessel
21
Repeat 5-12
22
Mark vessel as completed
23
Repeat 1-22 for all vessels on flow sheet
24
Mark flow sheet as completed Figure 8.9 Hazard and operability studies : detailed sequence of examination
25
Repeat 1-24 for all flow sheets (Chemical Industry Safety and Health Council, 1977 Item 6)
End
HAZOP DISPLAY
(1)
Results of hazard and operability study of proposed olefine
dimerization unit: results for line section from intermediate storage to buffer/settling tank
(2)
Results of hazard and operability atudy of proposed olefine
dimerization unit: results for line section from intermediate storage to buffer/settling tank
(3)
C