Care for child with congenital

heart disease

Hussein Muhammad Aminu

Zeinab Muhamad elsadek

Supervised by;
Dr.Tanazor
Dr.Amal sabry.
Outlines

Anatomy and physiology of CHD.
Fetal circulation and circulatory change during birth.
Assessment for heart disorder in children.
History.
physical Assessment.
Congenital heart disease.
left to right shunt
right to left shunt
Acquire heart disease.
Congestive heart failure
Nursing care for child with congenital heart failure
 Anatomy of heart

The heart is muscular organ about a size of the
closed fist that functions as the body circulatory
pump.it take in deoxygenated blood throught the
vein and deliver it to the lungs for oxygenation
before pumping it into various artery.The heart is
located in the thoracic cavity medial to the lungs
and posterior to the sternum.

Physiology of heart

 Fetal circulation and circulatory
change before birth

Fetal circulation.
In the uterus,oxygenated blood flows to the
fetus from placenta through the umbilical vein
The ductus venosus is vascular structure that
forms a connection between the umbilical vein
and the inferior vena cava.
Foramen ovale is flake-like structure located
between the right and left atrium.
Ductus arteriosus a vascular connection
between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
Neonatal circulation
At birth when the pulmonary vascular bed

dilates. There is increased blood flow to the
lungs and pressure in the right atrium falls.
there is increased pulmonary venous
return to the left atrium.causing increased
left
Atrial pressure and closure of foramen ovale.
The major contributing factor to closure of
ductus arteriosus is sensitivity to rising
arterial oxygen concerntrations in the blood
and decreases prostaglandin levels.


 Congenital heart
disease

A congenital heart diseases is a problems with
the structure of heart,it is present at birth.

Ventricular septal defects

Atrial septal defect

Patent ductus
arteriosus

Tetralogy of Fallot

Transposition of great
arteries

 Acquired heart
disease

Acquired heart disease is heart disease that
develops after birth.

 Rheumatic Fever

Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that
can develop as a complication of inadequately
treated strep throat or scarlet fever.
 Risk Factors

Family history : some people carry a gene or
genes that might make them more likely to
develop rheumatic fever.
Types of strep bacteria : Certain strains of
strep bacteria are more likely to contribute to
rheumatic fever than are other strains.
Environmental Factors : A greater risk of
rheumatic fever is associated with over
crowding,poor sanitation.
Complication of rheumatic fever

o Valve stenosis.

o valve regurgitation.

o Damage to heart muscle.

Signs and symptoms of Rheumatic
fever

 Diagnosis

Blood tests
ECG
Echocardiogram.
 Treatment of
rheumatic
fever
Antibiotics.
Anti-inflammatory treatment.
Anticonvulsant medications.
Nursing Management

 Congestive heart
failure

This is the inability of heart to pump adequate
amount of blood to the systemic circulation to
meet the metabolic demand of body.

Causes of congestive heart failure


 Clinical manifestation of congestive
heart failure

Tachycardia
Sweating
Weight gain
Hepatomegaly
Tachypnea
Fatigue
Weakness
anorexia
 Nursing care of child with heart
failure

Help the family to adjust disorder.
Educate the family about the disorder.
Help the family to cope with effect of the
disorder.
Observe vital signs.
Maintain respiratory status.
Provide bed rest and progressive activity.
Provide comfort and emotional support.