Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Basics Of Computers
ATTAULLAH MIRANI
attaulahmirani.cc@gmail.com
A Desktop Machine
User
Hardware
Software
User
Software
Hardware
Processing
Data Information
Two Eras:
Mechanical Era (Before 1945)
Electronic Era (1945 - )
Information Sharing
Device Sharing
Load Sharing
Mobility
Fast Communication
Anywhere Anytime Banking
Floppy
CD
power
supply CD-ROM
drive
floppy
drive
cards
hard
drive
motherboard
03/09/17 Introduction to Computers 25
A Look Inside
Memory
Registers
polarized
Queries???
Keyboard
Mouse
Hard Disk
Floppy Disk
CD ROM
Printer
Scanner
Joystick
Queries???
Machine Language
(Low Level Language)
Operating System
Human Understandable
Language (High Level
Language)
User / Programmer
Multiprogramming OS
Multitasking/Multiprocessing
Multiuser OS
Time Sharing OS
Real Time OS
Distributed OS
03/09/17 Introduction to Computers 58
A Second Classification
This Classification is based on the type of interface
Operating System provides for the user to work in.
File Management
Memory Management
Process Management
Device Management
Serial Processing
The job is processed at the time when
it is submitted.
Batch Processing
The similar jobs are bunched together and
are kept for processing at an later time.
When one operates in the DOS environment, one interacts with the
command interpreter, which interprets the commands given by user.
Directory
A collection of files is directory (in DOS) or folder (in Windows)
It is analogous to the Office Folder which contains various documents.
A directory/folder eases the management of related files/ documents, like the
various circulars related to personnel could be placed in a directory called
personnel and all the circulars related to loans could be placed in a directory
called loans.
officer.txt new.dat
january february
retire.txt
rest.txt abc.txt
Fig. Hierarchical Structure of Files
03/09/17 Introduction to Computers 69
Some DOS Commands
dir: Listing of all the directories.
C:\> dir
This will copy the file from the source location to the specified destination. The
command creates a copy of the file on the destination i.e. the file would be
found on both the location.
This will move the file from the source location to the specified destination.
The file from the source location would be removed and would be moved to the
destination.
The user can just point and click on the Icons provided to him on the
screen.
03/09/17 Introduction to Computers 75
Folders and Documents
Queries???
7. What is Internet?
It is the network of networks.