Speech Function,

Politeness And Cross-

cultural Communication
Language in Society
 Group 9 ..
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 Politeness
The
and
Function of
Speech Address
Forms

Linguistic
Politeness in
Different
Cultures
The Function of Speech
Affective (or Social) function
Referential (or informative)
function

Example:
Fred : Good morning, James.
What a lovely day.
James : Yes, its beautiful. So,
Hows your weekend?
Fred : Its very great!
The Function of Speech

Expressive utterances: express the speakers feeling

Directive utterances: attempt to get someone to do
something
Referential utterances: provide information
Metalinguistic utterances: comment on language
itself
Poetic utterances: focus on aesthetic features of
language
Phatic utterances: express solidarity and empathy
with others
Examples
Expressive utterances
Im happy today.
I am afraid.
Directive utterances
Wash the clothes.
Could you close the door?
Referential utterances
The second presenter will be
Mrs. Hanna.
Make up speaking class will be
held on Monday at 1 pm.
Examples
Metalinguistic utterances
Hegemony is not a common word
Nat has to be added by affixes
Poetic utterances (a poem, an
ear-catching motto, a rhyme)
Peter piper picked a peck of pickled
peppers
Bu Lulu nuju udur huntu
Phatic utterances
Hi, how are you?
Lovely day, isnt it.
Basic component of
interaction
Expressive Speaker

Directive Addressee

Referential Message
Addition
Commissives: Promises and
threat
I swear, Ill do my revenge
I will kill you soon

Formatives or Declaration
And now, I declare you as
husband and wife
Directives
concern with getting people to do
things

Examples:

Imperative: Sit down!

Interrogative: Could you sit

down?
Declarative: Itd be better you
to sit down.
Factors that affect people in
using Directives..

The social distance betwe

en participants
Relative status

Formality of the context

Example of the Social Distance
Between Participants
Cepat Upin,
nanti kita
lambat!
Example of Relative Status
Prepare your
presentation,
well do it
tomorrow!
Example of Formality of the
Context
Wilujeng
sumping, Pa.
Mangga teras
ka lebet.
Politeness and Address
Form
Speaking politeness ---

The feelings of others

The social values of the
society
Formality
Politeness and Address
Form
Types of politeness

Positive politeness
Negative politeness
Examples of Politeness and
Address Form
Daddy,
can you
please
help me
with my
homewor
k?
Examples of Politeness and
Address Form
Could you
bring in my
paper,
please?
Examples of Politeness and
Address Form
Linguistic Politeness In
Different Cultures
Miscommunication ..
Learning another language
Sociolinguistics assumption
Acceptance and refusal an
invitation
Example of miscommunication
based on cultural differences
In some villages in Subang, if
someone wants to invite
people to come to the wedding
ceremony, she/he uses
cigarettes as an invitation.
If someone gets an expensive
cigarette, it means that she/he
has to give much money to
the hostess and vice versa.
 (Sundanes
(Batavia Example.. e)
n)
Bade ka
Heh bumi Pa
Takrim, Haji
mo pegi Kardun,
kemane aya
lu? kaperyogi
an
Example of linguistic politeness

In Karawang, if there is a wedding

ceremony, the goods from the
bridegroom are mentioned and the
lists of price are also mentioned.
If we come from outside of Karawang
which have different culture we
automatically think that culture is
impolite because mentioning the
goods and the price are unusual
things.
Greetings
A part of
communication
Serve an
affective
function
Examples..

How are you?

Apa kabar?
Kumaha damang?
Kia ora?
Pripun kabare?
References..

Holmes, Janet. (2001). An Introduction

to Sociolinguistics. Harlow: Pearson
Education Limited
.. Thank you
..