Active Server Pages

Active Server Pages
Static Internet
In the early days of the Internet, all
information sent to clients browser was
static.
Little interactivity.
Little functionality beyond simple
hyperlinking.
Dynamic Internet, Part 1 (CGI)
Common Gateway Interface (CGI) permits web
browsers to request execution of application on
the web server.
The output of application is HTML code, which is
sent to requesting browser.
Separate CGI application loaded for each request.
Development of client-side scripting languages;
especially JavaScript and VBScript.
Dynamic Internet, Part 2 (ISAPI)
An alternative to CGI introduced by
Microsoft.
Uses dynamic link libraries (DLL). Once
loaded, DLL stays in memory and answers
user requests until explicitly released from
memory.
Normally faster than an equivalent CGI
application.
ISAPI filter
Custom DLL in same memory space as the
web server, called by web server in
response to every HTTP request.
The filter tells the web server how to handle
the request.
The ASAPI filter allows you to customize
the web servers response to specific types
of user requests.
Examples of ASAPI filters
Security layer between client and web
server. Screens client request.
Custom filter to map clients request to
different location on the server.
Custom filter to interpret information from
server, and present the information in a
different format. For example, ASP.DLL,
which interprets server code and gives the
client customized information
Active Server Pages
In ASP.DLL.
Whenever user requests a file with .asp
extension, this ASAPI filter handles the
interpretation.
Loads scripting language interpreter DLLs.
Executes server-side code.
Passes resulting HTML to the web server,
which forwards it to the browser.
Simple example
<HTML>
<BODY>
Hello.<BR>
It is now approximately <% =Time() %> at the
server.
<P>
<% For i = 1 to 5 %>
<FONT SIZE = <% =i %> >
Hello Size <% =i %> </FONT> <BR>
<% Next %>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output of simple example
ASP Object Model
ASP encapsulates the properties and
methods of 6 objects:
Application
ASPError
Request
Response
Server
Session
Application Object
Represents the ASP application itself
One Application object for all users.
Two methods
Application_OnStart (triggered by first user)
Application_OnEnd (triggered by administrator
explicitly closing application.
ASPError Object
To access properties of last error in
currently executing script.
Accessible only through Servers
GetLastError method.
Request Object
Access HTML form-based data and
parameters sent over the address line.
Receive HTTP cookie information.
Receive client certificate information
Get access to information in HTTP request
header (via ServerVariables collection).
Response Object
Controls how data is sent to client.
Sends cookies to client, set expiration date.
Redirects user to another URL.
Server Object
Gives access to web server itself.
Set timeout variables for scripts
CreateObject method lets you create instances
of server-side components. For example,
ActiveX Data Objects to handle database
access.
Session Object
Holds information specific to users current
session on the web server.
Server-Side Scripting
ASP.DLL interprets code in .asp files thats
delimited with <% %>.
VBScript is the default scripting language.
If the first statement is:
<% @LANGUAGE=Jscript %>
you can change the scripting language.
Simple example
<HTML>
<BODY>
Hello.<BR>
It is now approximately <% =Time() %> at the
server.
<P>
<% For i = 1 to 5 %>
<FONT SIZE = <% =i %> >
Hello Size <% =i %> </FONT> <BR>
<% Next %>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Output of simple example
An example that uses Form Data
<html>
<body>
<form method="POST" action="http://localhost/asp/ex2.asp">
<H2>Choose your options</H2>
<select name="favoriteBird">
<option value="flamingo"> Flamingo
<option value="robin"> Robin
<option value="cardinal"> Cardinal
<option value="eagle"> Eagle
<option value="penguin"> Penguin
<option value="bluejay"> Blue Jay
</select>
<BR> User Name: <input type=text name="userName">
<BR> Color: <input type=text name="favoriteColor">
<BR> <input type=submit value="Send Data">
</form>
</body>
</html>
The Users View
The ASP program
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<BODY>
<% username = Request("userName") %>
<% color = Request("favoriteColor") %>
<% bird = Request("favoriteBird") %>
<FONT COLOR='<% Response.Write color %>' >
Hello, <% Response.Write userName %>. </FONT>
<BR> Your favorite bird is the <% Response.Write bird %>.
Here is a picture!
<P> <IMG SRC=<% Response.Write bird %>.jpg>
</BODY>
</HTML>
What the user sees
The generated code
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<BODY>
<FONT COLOR='blue' >

Hello, John Avitabile. </FONT>
<BR> Your favorite bird is the eagle.
Here is a picture!
<P> <IMG SRC=eagle.jpg>
</BODY>
</HTML>
An example using file access
<html>
<body>
<H2>Choose your favorite bird</H2>
</select>
<P> <input type=submit value="Send Vote">
</form>
</body>
</html>
The ASP Program (part 1)
<% Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") ' ActiveX
voteFile = "C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\asp\votes.txt"
Set tso = fso.OpenTextFile(voteFile, 8, True) ' TextStreamObject
' 8 is append, 1 is read, 2 is write; True means create if nec.
Call tso.WriteLine(Request("favoriteBird"))
Call tso.Close()
Set tso = fso.OpenTextFile(voteFile, 1, True)
Dim vote(6)
Do
line = tso.ReadLine
Select Case line
Case "flamingo"
vote(1) = vote(1) + 1
Case "robin"
vote(2) = vote(2) + 1
Case "cardinal"
vote(3) = vote(3) + 1
Case "eagle"
vote(4) = vote(4) + 1
Case "penguin"
vote(5) = vote(5) + 1
Case "bluejay"
vote(6) = vote(6) + 1
End Select
Loop While Not tso.AtEndOfStream
Call tso.Close() %>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<BODY>
<% bird = Request("favoriteBird") %>
Your vote for <% Response.Write bird %> has been recorded. Here are the
totals so far.
<TABLE BORDER=2 WIDTH=50%>
<TR> <TD> Flamingo </TD> <TD> <% Response.Write vote(1) %> </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Robin </TD> <TD> <% Response.Write vote(2) %> </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Cardinal </TD> <TD> <% Response.Write vote(3) %> </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Eagle </TD> <TD> <% Response.Write vote(4) %> </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Penguin </TD> <TD> <% Response.Write vote(5) %> </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Blue Jay </TD> <TD> <% Response.Write vote(6) %> </TD> </TR>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
What the user sees
The generated code
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<BODY>
Your vote for eagle has been recorded. Here are the
totals so far.
<TR> <TD> Flamingo </TD> <TD> 2 </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Robin </TD> <TD> 3 </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Cardinal </TD> <TD> 2 </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Eagle </TD> <TD> 2 </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Penguin </TD> <TD> 1 </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Blue Jay </TD> <TD> 2 </TD> </TR>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Three Tier Architecture
User Interface created using HTML, Dynamic
HTML, or XML. Possibly including client-side
scripts.
Web server as middle tier that manipulates data
from database via SQL queries and communicates
with client Web browser.
Database.
Accessing a database
<html>
<body>
<P> <input type=submit value="See Vote Totals">
</form>
</body>
</html>
<% ' Check for existing connection to Database
If IsObject( Session("birdVotes_dbConn")) Then
Set dbConn = Session("birdVotes_dbConn")
Else
Set dbConn = Server.CreateObject( "ADODB.Connection" )
Call dbConn.Open("birdVotes","","") ' ODBC registered
Set Session("birdVotes_dbConn") = dbConn
End If
dbQuery = "SELECT * FROM Votes"
' Create recordset
Set votesRS = Server.CreateObject( "ADODB.Recordset")
Call votesRS.Open( dbQuery, dbConn)
' move to first record in recordset
Call votesRS.MoveFirst() %>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<BODY>
<h1> Votes Already Cast </h1>
<TR> <TH> Voter </TH> <TH> Bird </TH> </TR>
<% While Not votesRS.EOF %>
<TR> <TD> <% =votesRS("Voter") %> </TD>
<TD> <% =votesRS("Bird") %> </TD> </TR>
<% Call votesRS.MoveNext()
Wend %>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
What the user sees
The generated code
<HTML> <HEAD> <BODY>
<h1> Votes Already Cast </h1>
<TR> <TH> Voter </TH> <TH> Bird </TH> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Babe Ruth </TD>
<TD> flamingo </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Lou Gehrig </TD>
<TD> penguin </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Joe DiMaggio </TD>
<TD> cardinal </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Mickey Mantle </TD>
<TD> bluejay </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Reggie Jackson </TD>
<TD> eagle </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Don Mattingly </TD>
<TD> flamingo </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Mariano Rivera </TD>
<TD> penguin </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Derek Jeter </TD>
<TD> robin </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> Ron Guidry </TD>
<TR> <TD> Yogi Berra </TD>
<TR> <TD> Whitey Ford </TD>
<TD> eagle </TD> </TR>
</TABLE> </BODY> </HTML>
Inserting, Updating, Complex queries
<html>
<body>
<H2>Choose your favorite bird</H2>
</select>
<P> Name: <input type=text name=userName>
<P> <input type=submit value="Send Vote">
</form>
</body>
</html>
ASP Program (part 1)
<% ' Check for existing connection to Database
If IsObject( Session("birdVotes_dbConn")) Then
Set dbConn = Session("birdVotes_dbConn")
Else
Set dbConn = Server.CreateObject( "ADODB.Connection" )
Call dbConn.Open("birdVotes","","") ' ODBC registered
Set Session("birdVotes_dbConn") = dbConn
End If
dbQuery = "SELECT * FROM Votes"
' Create recordset
Set votesRS = Server.CreateObject( "ADODB.Recordset")
Call votesRS.Open( dbQuery, dbConn)
Call votesRS.MoveFirst()
previousVote = False
message = Request("userName") & ","
While Not votesRS.EOF
If Request("userName") = votesRS("Voter") Then
message = message + " you changed your vote from " + _
votesRS("Bird") + " to " + Request("favoriteBird")
sqlString = "UPDATE Votes SET Bird = '" + Request("favoriteBird") _
+ "' WHERE Voter = '" + Request("userName") + "'"
dbConn.Execute(sqlString)
previousVote = True
End If
Call votesRS.MoveNext()
Wend
If previousVote = False Then
message = message + " your vote for " + Request("favoriteBird") + _
" has been recorded"
sqlString = "INSERT INTO Votes VALUES ('" + Request("userName") + _
"', '" + Request("favoriteBird") + "')"
dbConn.Execute(sqlString)
End If
%>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<BODY>
<% =message %>
<TABLE>
<TR> <TH> Bird </TH> <TH> Votes </TH> </TR>
<% dbQuery = "SELECT Votes.Bird, COUNT(*) AS BirdCount FROM Birds " _
"INNER JOIN Votes " + _
"ON Birds.Bird = Votes.Bird GROUP BY Votes.Bird"
Set birdsRS = Server.CreateObject( "ADODB.Recordset")
Call birdsRS.Open( dbQuery, dbConn)
Call birdsRS.MoveFirst()
While Not birdsRS.EOF
%>
<TR> <TD> <% =birdsRS("Bird") %> </TD>
<TD> <% =birdsRS("BirdCount") %> </TD> </TR>
<%
Call birdsRS.MoveNext()
Wend %>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>
What the User Sees
Code generated
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<BODY>
Thurman Munson, you changed your vote from robin to penguin
<TABLE>
<TR> <TH> Bird </TH> <TH> Votes </TH> </TR>
<TR> <TD> bluejay </TD> <TD> 2 </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> cardinal </TD> <TD> 1 </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> eagle </TD> <TD> 2 </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> flamingo </TD> <TD> 2 </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> penguin </TD> <TD> 3 </TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD> robin </TD> <TD> 2 </TD> </TR>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>

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