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SELF DEVELOPMENT
THE PERCEIVED SELF
VALUES EDUCATION
SELF DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL IDENTITIES
Are those aspects of the individuals self-concept that are derived from the social
categories to which he or she perceives him/herself as belonging to. Social identities link
individuals to reference groups, which establish a set of role expectations and norms that
guide the individuals behavior within each of the social identities. For example: the
identity of a Principal may be associated with leadership and order (traits),
analytical ability and competence (competencies), service and commitment
(values). These aspired traits, competencies and values associated, serve as the basis
for the ideal self once established the attributes then reinforced the identity.
SELF-ESTEEM
VALUES EDUCATION
SELF DEVELOPMENT
VALUES EDUCATION
SELF DEVELOPMENT
II. VALUES EDUCATION
a. Values
Values are the beliefs, which we hold to be true - those noble ideals we struggle
to attain and implement in our daily lives.
Derived from the natural and moral laws and not from an individuals opinions
and feelings
They are based on objective, eternal and universal truths (e.g., freedom,
justice, peace, love family solidarity)
Also rooted in a personal view of what works and does not work; they may be
accepted practices and ways of acting of a given people during a given period of
time.
Are an integral part of human existence; as such they relate to every aspect of
life?
Values can be viewed as priorities that relate to a persons behavior. Specifically,
they are the priorities one is motivated to act upon.
b. Values Education
VALUES EDUCATION
SELF DEVELOPMENT
B. Filipinos Occidentalism
a. Spanish influence
VALUES EDUCATION
SELF DEVELOPMENT
b. Americanization of Filipinos
American influences manifested in our political and social outlook. With the
introduction of a democratic system of government we became aware of our rights
and privileges. The popularization of education gave us the opportunity for social
mobility. Americans in the presumed spirit of white paternalism and benevolence saw
themselves as best owners of education, religion, public health, development , and
democracy to their little brown brothers (Gochenour, 1990). In fact, the American
educational system was adopted, and English (which children were required to speak
in school) was made the official language (Kang, 1996).
c. Japanese Occupation
Japanese influences manifested our love of work. Dignity of labor and working
hard were one of the values that Filipinos were widely known. This is evident
because many Filipinos nowadays are working abroad. Almost everywhere Filipinos
are at hand working hard to earn more to support their family. Many countries
choose Filipinos to work in their country because they know of Filipinos
perseverance and hard work.
A. Family Values
VALUES EDUCATION
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3.
Social-cognitive learning theorist Albert Bandura, when we see the
behavior of a model being rewarded, we are likely to imitate that behavior. Behavior
is learned through observation and imitation, not conditioning through reinforcement
or punishment.
4. Cognitive Theory. The cognitive perspective focuses on the processes that allow
people to know, understand and think about the world. The cognitive perspective
emphasizes how people internally represent and think about the world. There are two
major theories:
No single person has had a greater impact on the study of cognitive development
that Jean Piaget. He proposed that all people pass is a fixed sequence through a
series of universal stages of cognitive development. In each stage, he suggested that
not only did the quantity of information increase, but so did the quality of knowledge
and understanding. Piaget suggests that the growth in childrens understanding of
the world can be explained by two basic principles. Assimilation is the process in
which people understand an experience in terms of their current state of cognitive
development and way of thinking. In contrast, accommodation refers to changes in
existing ways of thinking in response to encounters with new stimuli or events.
VALUES EDUCATION
5. Socio-cultural theory (Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky)
proposes that a full understanding of development is
impossible without taking into account the culture in which
children develop. Socio-cultural theory proposes that
childrens understanding of the world is acquired through
their problem-solving interactions with adults and other
children. As children play and cooperate with others, they
learn what is important in their society, and at the same time,
advance cognitively in their understanding of the world.
VALUES EDUCATION
According to Urie Bronfenbrenner, each person is significantly affected by
interactions among a number of overlapping ecosystems. At the center of
the model is the individual. Microsystems are the systems that intimately
and immediately shape human development.
The primary microsystems for children include the family, peer group,
classroom, neighborhood, and sometimes a church, temple, or mosque as
well.
Interactions among the microsystems, as when parents and teachers
coordinate their efforts to educate the child, take place through the
mesosystem.
Surrounding the microsystems is the exosystem, which includes all the
external networks, such as community structures and local educational,
medical, employment, and communications systems that influence the
microsystems. And influencing all other systems is the macrosystem, which
includes cultural values, political philosophies, economic patterns, and social
conditions. Together, these systems are termed the social context of human
development.
VALUES EDUCATION
7. Humanism Theory. The humanistic perspective contends that
people have a natural tendency to make decisions about their lives
and control behavior. The humanistic perspective emphasizes free will,
the ability of humans to make choices and come to decisions about
their lives.
Carl Rogers suggested that all people have a need for positive
regard that results from an underlying wish to be loved and
respected. Because it is other people who provide this positive regard,
we become dependent on them. Consequently, our view of our selfworth and ourselves is a reflection of how we think others view us.
VALUES EDUCATION
Konrad Lorenz discovered that newborn geese are genetically
preprogrammed to become attached to the first moving object they see after
birth. His work, which demonstrated the importance of biological
determinants in influencing behavior patterns, ultimately led mentalists to
consider the ways in which human behavior might reflect inborn genetic
patterns.
VALUES EDUCATION
III. Ethics and Moral Education
a. Ethics comes from the Greek word ethos, meaning character or custom. According to
Robert C. Solomon, the etymology of ethics suggest its basic concern: (1) individual
character, what is meant by good person, and (2) the social rules that govern and limit our
conduct, especially the ultimate rules concerning right and wrong, which we call morality.
b. Morality
1. Descriptively to refer to a code of conduct put forward by a society and that it is used
as a guide to behavior by the members of that society ,
VALUES EDUCATION
Morality as a public system.
Public system refers to guide to conduct such that (1) all
persons to whom it applies all those whose behavior is to be
guided and judged by that system, know what behavior the
system prohibits, requires, discourages, encourages, and
allows; and (2) it is not irrational for any of these persons to
accept being guided and judged by that system.
- refers to a code of conduct put forward by a society or some
other group, such as religion, or accepted by an individual for
his/her own behavior.
- also refers to a code of conduct that, given specified
conditions would be put forward by all rational persons.
- refers to a doctrine or system of conduct relative to
principles of right and wrong. It encompasses the ideas of
moral judgment, moral obligation, and a moral agent.
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c. Nature of morality
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Morality and our Conscience
Level of Morality
True Freedom
The way forward involves liberation from both false freedom and
moralism. Moral action is possible only for a being that is free.
Freedom let the will to choose gives space for creativity, and
implies release from determining factor. Nevertheless true freedom
implies not only the power of self-chosen action but also the proper
orientation power. The power to do whatever he/she wants to do is
not a true freedom because true freedom is oriented to goodness.
Freedom includes the power to choose evil, but freedom is fulfilled
and enhanced and sustained only by choosing the good abusing
liberty leads to losing it.
Moral Intuition
The more carefully you think through your great decision, the more
spontaneous you will be in the host of situations covered by those
decisions. Though few have an appetite for studying and
discussing difficult moral cases, the intellectual dimension to
morality is nonetheless essential. When actions are not governed
by our best thinking we are usually in the current of emotions
whose guidance is less reliable.
Moral actions are those actions that are in conformity with the
norm of morality. They are good actions and are permissible.
Immoral Actions are those actions that are not in conformity
with the norm of morality. They are bad or evil actions and are
not permissible.
Amoral Actions are actions, which stand neutral in relation to
the norms of morality. They are either good or bad in
themselves. But certain amoral actions may become good or
bad because of the circumstances intended to them.
Normal of Morality are the standards that indicate the
rightfulness or wrongfulness, the goodness or evilness, the
value or disvalue of a thing (R. Agapay, 1991)
Kinds of Law
Whoever knows this principle, does not thereby know the right and
wrong of every action, but he/she knows how to go about the enquiry. It
is a rule of diagnosis.
HUMAN RIGHTS
Traditionally, human rights are defined as titles or claims to certain material and spiritual
goods, or to have access to such goods in order or human person to live a dignified life.
Kinds of Rights
A. Personal Rights
1. Right to life- primary condition of all human rights or the obvious reason
that only person who are alive that they can exercise their rights and thereby
accomplish their mission in life.
2. Right to Ones Person- right over our own bodies and bodily faculties and
energies. St. Paul emphasized that our body is the temple of the Holy Spirit.
3. Right to Ones Personality- persons have the right to develop their own
individual character.
VALUES EDUCATION
CHRISTIAN ETHICS
Ethics has something to do with the
nourishment of right doings and the
rejection of wrong doings.
instinct
instinct
emotion
s
morality
emotions
Christian Ethics
Man is motivated to survive and to be
good always because of mortality and
the promise of everlasting happiness
after death.
It is a Humanistic Ethics in the sense
that it requires a unique ethical
obligations or unique ethical source.
Obligation in the sense that we need
and we must do good always for us to
reach heaven.
Christian Ethics
Ethical courses in the sense that Scripture and
church teaching make things right or
wrong(legalism)
It has two- fold sense:
a. Christian meaning -we are gifted with a profound
Christian vision of the meaning of the world,
deeper understanding of the human persons
dignity as Gods image, and a clearer sense of
their final destiny.
b. Christian motivation -it focuses on behaviour
motivated by natural law, usually the law of Christ.
(suffered , died, arose out of love to mankind)
Filipino Ethics
Filipinos have moral
obligations motivated by a
must principle". if I do that
what are the consequences.
If I dont, again what are the
possible consequences.
Moral obligation
Value protected
Consequences
I do afraid of the
golden rule.
To be honest in the
examination
To go to mass on
Sunday
Value of chastity of
being true to ones
sexual integrity as a
person.
The value of
confidentiality
Destroys the
reputation of another
and violates the core
of friendship.
Filipino Ethics
1. We share on Universal Ethics and
Filipino Ethics
Another, is the eastern concept of
Harmony in Opposites
e.g. Ang buhay ng taoy gulong
ang kahambing:sa ibabaw
ngayon, bukas sa ilalim or
malapit mat di lakarin,ay hindi
mo mararating
2. When we speak of Filipino
values it does not mean it
cannot be found to other cultures
and people. It is with a rank or
priority depending on the culture.
Filipino Ethics
a) China and Japan- great value in
propriety and beauty
b) America in promptness and
efficiency
c) Filipinos- pakikisama and pagkatao
3. Due to different contexts, filipino
values like Family centeredness,
authoritarianism, smooth
interpersonal relations, hiya, kinship
system, utang na loob, awa,
Filipino Ethics
With five principles on:
i. Pagsasarili
ii. Pagkakaisa
iii. Pakikisama
iv. Pakikipagkapwa-tao
v. Pagkabayani
4. Historical consciousness- on which
moral values has evolved among
our people
e.g. moral value of justice is universal
and fundamental.
MIDTERM
1
The Person
-whole individual being that has
the natural potential to know,
love , desire, and relate to self
and others in a reflective way.
2. Conception
Is the moment when the so called
fertilization process is complete.
The sperm and ovum are not
potential life. They are the
potential causes of individual
human life.
BEHAVIOURS OF MAN
BEHAVIOURS OF MAN
BEHAVIOURS OF MAN
The behavior of people (and other organisms or
even mechanisms) falls within a range with some
behavior being common, some unusual, some
acceptable, and some outside acceptable limits. In
sociology, behavior is considered as having social
behavior, which is more advanced action, as social
behavior is behavior specifically directed at other
people. The acceptability of behavior is evaluated
relative to social norms and regulated by various
means of social control.
The behavior of people is studied by the academic
disciplines of psychiatry, psychology, social work,
sociology, economics, and anthropology.
BEHAVIOURS OF MAN
Masculine psychology
Masculine psychology is a term sometimes
used to describe and categorize issues
concerning the gender related psychology
of male human identity, as well as the
issues that men confront during their lives.
One stream emphasises gender differences
and has a scientific and empirical approach,
while the other, more therapeutic in
orientation, is more closely aligned to the
psychoanalytic tradition. It also relates to
concepts such as masculinity and
machismo.
Camille Paglia
ETHICS IN
ADVERTISING
ETHICS IN
ADVERTISING
ETHICS IN
ADVERTISING
ETHICS IN
ADVERTISING
ETHICS IN
ADVERTISING
2.Reach out
A big example of the benefits of
advertising is bringing potential
customers to your store who might
otherwise never know you exist. A
storefront is only seen by people who
walk past your door, but advertising
can reach out to others in the
surrounding towns and countries.
4.Hours of operation
Nothing is more frustrating than going to a store to buy
something you need and realizing they are closed. The
potential customer may just go somewhere else to
make their purchase. One of the benefits of advertising
the days and hours a store is open is to help prevent a
loss of sales.
5. "Word of mouth
Is said to be one of the best forms of advertising, and
its true. A satisfied customer will often tell others of
their experience, which can result in future sales. Media
advertising in newspapers, on radio and TV will help get
new customers who will then increase business by their
spreading the word to their friends.
6.Seasonal Promotions
Thereare great benefits of advertising for specialty
items or seasonal products. Perhaps you sell
products that only your store has locally, such as
musical instruments. Advertising special seasonal
items, such as selling Christmas trees, can bring
additional sales at certain times of the year.
7. Confidence
Business owners often dont realize that one of the
benefits of advertising is making potential
customers feel more confident in a business they
see advertised. It gives them the sense that the
business is professional, stable and reputable.
8. Blitz
Every time you watch a football game on TV, youll see
beer advertisements. These companies are huge, and they
have plenty of customers, but their goal is to keep their
products names in front of consumers. If you see a
commercial for a certain candy bar dozens of times, the
next time youre in a convenience store and see that
candy bar, youre more likely to buy one.
9. Consistency
A business that stops advertising may give the
impression that the business is out of business. When
people see a business advertise for a long period of time
and then stop, they may get the false impression that the
business is no longer there, even though it is still open.
Consistent advertising yields the best results.
10.Invest
Another of the benefits of advertising
that many businesses dont realize is
that it takes money to make money. An
old saying in the marketing industry is
"Advertising doesnt cost, it pays."
Sometimes you have to invest money to
make money, and advertising should be
an investment that is included in a
businesss annual budget.
The Sanctity
of Life
Life is
sacred
Only God
can choose
when life
ends
All life
deserves
respect
Life
should be
protected
Life is God
given
Children
Protected Pick
Given G
Grey
Respect R Rabbits
You can do better than me but keep it clean!
Genesis 1
Exodus 20:13
Romans 14:8
1 Corinthians 6:19
Outline the teaching in the
Catechism of the Catholic church
on the sanctity of life
(c) Question:
Explain why Catholics
believe that life is sacred?
Key questions:
What does sanctity mean?
What does the Bible teach about
the sanctity of human life?
Why do Catholics believe that
human life is sacred?