Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
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SYSTEM
Prof. Dr. Fauziah Othman
Department of Human Anatomy
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Contents
Kidney
* Parts of nephron and structures
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Functional aspects
Blood circulation
Ureter and urinary bladder
General features
Urinary epithelium Urethra
* Structure of male and female urethra
Kidney
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RENAL CORPUSCLE
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
macula densa,
extraglomerular mesangial cells,
juxtaglomerular cells (also known as granular
cells).
RENAL TUBULE
Cont.
Cells of the inner layer, podocytes in the visceral layer, are extremely
complex in shape. Small foot-like processes, pedicles, of their cytoplasm
form a fenestrated epithelium around the fenestrated capillaries of the
glomerulus.
The openings between the pedicles are called filtration slits. They are
spanned by a thin membrane, the filtration slit membrane. Between the
podocytes and the endothelial cells of the capillaries a comparatively
thick basal lamina, which can be subdivided into an outer lamina
externa, a middle lamina densa and an inner lamina interna.
The basal lamina and the slit membranes form the glomerular filtration
barrier, which prevents some large molecules from entering the
capsular space between the outer and inner epithelial layers of
Bowman's capsule.
Mesangial cells in the glomerulus form the connective tissue that gives
structural support to podocytes and vessels.
Nephron structure
characteristic
Renal corpusle
Proximal convulated
Loop of Henle
Distal convulated
Ureter
The wall of the ureter is made 3 layers. From
inside outwards
they are :
1.
Mucosa- which is made up of epithelium &
lamina propria
2.
Muscular coat made of smooth
muscles
3.
Fibrosa made of fibrous connective
tissue
Mucosa- is thrown into folds and thus gives the
appearance of star shaped lumen.
The urethra:
Clinical correlates
Urinary incontinence
Specifically,
the symptoms
of overactive bladder include
Overactive
bladder
urinary frequencybothersome urination eight or more times a day
or two or more times at night
urinary urgencythe sudden, strong need to urinate immediately
urge incontinenceleakage or gushing of urine that follows a sudden,
strong urge
nocturiaawaking at night to urinate