Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Curriculum
Development
By: Dr. Muhammad Nadeem
Introduction
Nations at Work
France
France's educational roots date back to the time of
Charlemagne and the modern form of the Republican
School.
Their education system is a three-tier system that
consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary levels.
The current literacy rate is 99%.
The dropout rate is less than 20% for those who attend
secondary education.
Due to an influx of immigrants, the French schools
testing performance has dropped.
Cambodia
Education was originally offered by the Buddhist temples.
Females were excluded in education for many years.
In 1917 the French colony established a primary and secondary
educational system.
The country has been through many government and education
reconstructions throughout Cambodian history. The schools are
operated by the local governments.
The literacy rate is 76% for males and 46% for females. Cambodia'
education system faces many problems such as:
Lack of facilities
Few qualified teachers
Low moral
Low attendance
Few have computer access
Developing Countries
South Africa
South Africa reconstructed their education
system in 1994.
They have a national department of education.
The local governments direct the schools.
In South Africa they have three levels of
education including college.
The national literacy rate is 24%.
The national government is trying to get
technology to disadvantaged schools.
India
The education in India was traditionally a Hindu-initiated system.
In the 19th Century, a Western Style of education was introduced and
funded by the British.
In 1976, the educational responsibility was shared between the central
and state government.
India's literacy rate is 65%.
They enroll 190 million students in a three tier system.
India's education system is now focused on primary education.
Building more schools is another goal of the national government.
There are various types of technical schools available for the workingclass poor.
India has limited funds for educating their enormous population of
students.
Vietnam
Preprimary
Primary
Intermediate
Secondary
higher education
China
China is the world's largest communist nation.
In 1978, four modernizations were outlined for China:
Agriculture
Industry
Technology
defense
The local Communist Party community groups govern the schools.
These local members oversee expenditures, develop the curriculum,
hire teachers, make rules, and organize community events.
Since 1950, literacy has risen from 20% to 95% in China.
China's fast development of high-quality education programs are due
to exams, key schools, and study abroad policy.
They use over seas colleges to train many of their leaders.
Pakistan
Pre-Primary Stage
Elementary Education (Primary and Middle)
Secondary
Higher Secondary
Tertiary Education/ Higher Education (after class XII)
Developed Nations
Japan
Scotland
The Scottish Education Act of 1696 established the first
national system of education in the world.
The literacy rate is 99%.
The local authorities own and operate the schools in
Scotland.
Students have to take exams to be able to attend college.
Scotland is also struggling with high unemployment.
Scotland plans to created close ties with China in order to
become a favored trade partner in the future.
United States
In the 19th century, the plans were being made for free education
through grade 12.
During the 20th century, the curriculum was being adjusted to
include more diversity.
Each state has the right to create a curriculum that does not violate
the rights of its citizens.
As of 2008, the literacy rate was 98%.
In the past 50 years the U. S. has been through wars, immigration
patterns, new technology, and a changing global economy.
Internet has not been used effectively to activate student learning.
80% of school expenses are attributed to creating facilities and
funding teachers' salaries.
Curriculum leaders need to collaborate with leaders from
subgroups of different cultural backgrounds to develop a new
curriculum.
Cayman Islands
References