Speech Function,

Politeness And Crosscultural Communication

Language in Society

Group 9 ..

Fira
Nursyabani
Luciyana
0906856
Dwiningrum
Meyza
0902428
Pritama
0902467

Riestia
Handayani
0902434

Politeness
and
Address
Forms

The
Function of
Speech

Linguistic
Politeness in
Different
Cultures

The Function of Speech

Affective (or Social) function
Referential (or informative)
function
Example:
Fred
What a
James
Hows
Fred

: Good morning, James.

lovely day.
: Yes, its beautiful. So,
your weekend?
: Its very great!

The Function of Speech

Expressive utterances: express the speakers feeling
Directive utterances: attempt to get someone to do
something

Referential utterances: provide information

Metalinguistic utterances: comment on language
itself

Poetic utterances: focus on aesthetic features of

language

Phatic utterances: express solidarity and empathy

with others

Examples

Expressive utterances
Im happy today.
I am afraid.

Directive utterances
Wash the clothes.
Could you close the door?

Referential utterances
The second presenter will be
Mrs. Hanna.
Make up speaking class will be
held on Monday at 1 pm.

Examples

Metalinguistic utterances
Hegemony is not a common word
Nat has to be added by affixes

Poetic utterances (a poem, an

ear-catching motto, a rhyme)
Peter piper picked a peck of pickled
peppers
Bu Lulu nuju udur huntu

Phatic utterances
Hi, how are you?
Lovely day, isnt it.

Basic component of
interaction
Expressive

Speaker

Directive

Addressee

Referential

Message

Addition
Commissives: Promises and
threat
I swear, Ill do my revenge
I will kill you soon

Formatives or Declaration
And now, I declare you as
husband and wife

Directives
concern with getting people to do
things

Examples:
Imperative:

Sit

down!

Interrogative:
down?
Declarative:
to sit down.

Could you sit

Itd be better you

Factors that affect people in

using Directives..
The social distance betwe
en participants
Relative status
Formality of the context

Example of the Social Distance

Between Participants
Cepat Upin,
nanti kita
lambat!

Example of Relative Status

Prepare your
presentation,
well do it
tomorrow!

Example of Formality of the

Context
Wilujeng
sumping, Pa.
Mangga teras
ka lebet.

Politeness and Address

Form
Speaking politeness -- The feelings of others
The social values of the
society
Formality

Politeness and Address

Form
Types of politeness
Positive politeness
Negative politeness

Examples of Politeness and

Address Form
Daddy,
can you
please
help me
with my
homewor
k?

Examples of Politeness and

Address Form
Could you
bring in my
paper,
please?

Examples of Politeness and

Address Form

Linguistic Politeness In
Different Cultures

Miscommunication ..
Learning another language
Sociolinguistics assumption
Acceptance and refusal an
invitation

Example of miscommunication
based on cultural differences
In some villages in Subang, if
someone wants to invite
people to come to the wedding
ceremony,
she/he
uses
cigarettes as an invitation.
If someone gets an expensive
cigarette, it means that she/he
has to give much money to
the hostess and vice versa.

(Batavia
n)
Heh
Takrim,
mo pegi
kemane
lu?

Example..

(Sundanes
e)
Bade ka
bumi Pa
Haji
Kardun,
aya
kaperyogi
an

Example of linguistic politeness

In Karawang, if there is a wedding
ceremony, the goods from the
bridegroom are mentioned and the
lists of price are also mentioned.
If we come from outside of Karawang
which have different culture we
automatically think that culture is
impolite because mentioning the
goods and the price are unusual
things.

Greetings
A part of
communication
Serve an
affective
function

Examples..

How are you?

Apa kabar?
Kumaha damang?
Kia ora?
Pripun kabare?

References..
Holmes, Janet. (2001). An Introduction
to Sociolinguistics. Harlow: Pearson
Education Limited

.. Thank you
..