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Balanced Code Provisions For Residential Structures: Alliance For Concrete Codes and Standards (ACCS)
Balanced Code Provisions For Residential Structures: Alliance For Concrete Codes and Standards (ACCS)
Provisions for
Residential Structures
Alliance for Concrete Codes
and Standards (ACCS)
Presented By:
Introduction
Outline
Fire Loss
Building Codes
Balanced Design
Benefits of Concrete
in Fire
Costs Associated with
Concrete Construction
Take Action!
Conclusions
Fire loss
Fire Loss
More than 4,000 people die in fires each year, with one death every
130 minutes. Fire kills more Americans than all natural disasters
combined.
Each year, fire departments are called to more than 1.7 million fires,
with a fire call received every 18 seconds. There are nearly 510,000
structure fires each year, with one occurring every 62 seconds.
Fire causes more than $11 billion in property damage each year,
with about $9.5 billion resulting from structure fires. Half of the total
property damage occurs in residential properties.
safe building
Reduce deaths, injuries and property damage
Preserve the built environment
Reduce public and private disaster aid
Maintain employment and businesses
Level playing field for engineers, builders and
suppliers
Provide economies of scale
Maintain quality of life and property values
Balanced Design
Balanced design re-established the importance of passive design,
including compartmentalization, in combination with active design,
to deliver a more comprehensive fire protection system.
Balanced Design
Total
Fire Protection
Active
Fire Protection
Passive
Fire Protection
Balanced Design
Active Fire Protection
Smoke detectors
Sprinklers
Duct detectors
Fire alarms
Passive Fire Protection
Role of Compartmentation
Compartmentation
acts to contain fires
to a specified area
of the building or
structure
Without
compartmentation,
fire may spread
from one room or
building to a
another
Role of Sprinklers
Fire Sprinklers
act to extinguish
a fire after a
specified
temperature is
achieved in the
upper gas layer
Role of Sprinklers
NFPA standards
cast-in-place
hollow-core precast
concrete floors,
ceilings, and roofs
cast-in place
concrete
precast concrete
Concrete masonry
walls
Advantages of Non-combustible
construction for owners/developers
Speed of construction
Faster sales and re-sales
Lower operating costs
Lower insurance costs
Lower maintenance costs
Lower energy costs
Community acceptance
Advantages of Non-combustible
construction for occupants
Advantages of Non-combustible
construction for communities
Fire Containment
Fire Containment is
the last line of
defense should
sprinklers fail
To be effective, walls
and floors/ceilings
providing
compartmentation
should be of noncombustible
construction with at
least 2 hours of fire
resistance.
Firefighter Safety
A concrete structure can utilize fire
rated concrete walls to create
compartmentation. The combination
of concrete columns, beams, flooring,
ceiling and wall elements breaks up
each levels space into smaller, selfcontained modules that minimize the
chance of fire spreading to adjacent
units
The containment of fire in these small
spaces makes entry safer for the
firefighter and maintains that building
collapse is rare
Fire Resistance
Fire Resistance
Fire Resistance
ACI 216
ACI 216
Determines Fire Resistance through one of four
methods
1.
2.
3.
4.
Qualification by Testing
Calculated Fire Resistance
Approval through Past Performance
Engineered Analysis
Qualification by Testing
ASTM E119
ASTM E119
Insert video
Plain reinforced concrete bearing and nonbearing walls, floors and roof slabs shall conform
with the minimum thickness provided in ACI 216
Table 2.1
1 hr
1 hr
2 hr
3 hr
4 hr
Siliceous
3.5
4.3
5.0
6.2
7.0
Carbonate
3.2
4.0
4.6
5.7
6.6
Semilightweight
2.7
3.3
3.8
4.6
5.4
Lightweight
2.5
3.1
3.6
4.4
5.1
Effect of Aggregate
Wood Fire
Fire Resistance of Wood is significantly lower than that of concrete
Fire Resistance
Fire Spread
Concrete will not ignite.
The fires spread is
slowed and its damage
is minimized.
This ability to resist fire
creates more time for
detection, evacuation
and suppressionthe
three key ingredients for
minimizing damage and
injury during a fire.
Flame Spread
Interior Finish
The majority of fire deaths in a residential home is due to
toxic products of combustion from interior finish
Toxicity
Costs
FSCAC Cost Comparison Study
The building construction types, designed using the provisions of the
2003 International Building Code, included:
Insurance Benefit
Source: Concrete & Masonry Industry Firesafety Committees Fire Protection Planning Report No. 9
Example
How to adjust existing building code to reduce sprinkler
trade-offs
708.3 Fire-resistance rating. Fire partitions shall have a fireresistance rating of not less than 1 hour.
Exceptions:
1. Corridor walls as permitted by Table 1017.1.
2. Dwelling unit and sleeping unit separations in buildings of
Types
IIB, IIIB and VB construction shall have fire-resistance
ratings
of not less than 1 /2 hour in buildings equipped
throughout with
an automatic sprinkler system in accordance
with Section rated corridor as required by Section 903.3.1.1
Take Action!
Conclusions
Resources