Know AIDS

For
NO AIDS

Introduction
Acquired Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome(AIDS),aclin
icalsyndrome (a group
of various illnesses that
together characterize a
disease.)
It results from damage
to the immune system
caused by infection
with the human
immunodeficiency virus
(HIV).

HIV-1 (in green)

budding from cultured
lymphocyte.

InHIVinfectedindividuals,
there is a gradual
loss of immune cells
(called CD4+ Tlymphocytes) and
immune function.
The mechanisms by
which HIV causes this
immune deficiency
are still not
completely
understood, although
direct infection of
CD4+ T-lymphocytes

HIV-1 attacking the

CD4-lymphocytes

Worlds AIDS map

ObservationsMost affected regions- USA, South Africa ,Eastern Africa, India

Severely affected regions- China , Russia, Brazil, Vietnam
Less affected regions Australia, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan

Symptoms
People with AIDS often have
systemic symptoms of
infection like fevers,
sweats(particularly at night),
swollen glands, chills,
weakness, and weight loss.
The symptoms of AIDS are
primarily the result of
conditions that do not
normally develop in
individuals with healthy
immune systems.
Most of these conditions are
infections caused by
bacteria, viruses, fungi and
parasites.

Other symptoms
People with AIDS also

have an increased risk

of developing various
cancers such as
Kaposis sarcoma-

High-grade B cell

lymphomas such as
Burkitts lymphoma
pictured left-

HIV tests
(Diagnosis)
HIV antibody testHIV antibody tests are the
most appropriate test for
routine diagnosis of HIV
among adults. Antibody
tests are inexpensive and
very accurate
When a person is infected
with HIV, their body
responds by producing
special proteins that fight
infection, called antibodies.

An HIV antibody test

looks for these
antibodies in blood,
saliva or urine. If
antibodies are
detected, it means a

PCR (Polymerase
chain reaction ) TestA PCR test (Polymerase
Chain Reaction test) can
detect the genetic material
of HIV rather than the
antibodies to the virus, and
so can identify HIV in the
blood within two or three
weeks of infection.
But, they are very
expensive and more
complicated to administer
and interpret than a

A Human Immunodeficiency
Virus
(HIV) virus. In the middle of
the virus is its viral genetic
material.

Treatment
Drugs are not a cure, but
they can stop people
from becoming ill for
many years.
The treatment consists
of drugs that have to be
taken every day for the
rest of a persons life.
Some examplesAptivus
Norvir
Atripla

These drugs are often known

as
Antiretrovirals
Anti-HIV drugs or Anti-AIDS
drugs
HIV antiviral drugs
ARVs

Combination Therapy
Taking two or more
antiretroviral drugs at a
time is called combination
therapy.
If only one drug was taken,
HIV would quickly become
resistant to it.
Taking two or more
Antiretrovirals kept
antiretrovirals at the same
time vastly reduces the rate together in a box.
at which resistance would
develop, making treatment

Prevention
Globally,themostcommo
n route of HIV transmission
is through sexual
contact.
The use of condoms is
vital in helping to prevent
the sexual transmission of
HIV, the virus that causes
AIDS.
AIDS: Your
Condoms also help to
Problem, Control
prevent infection by STDs, With Condoms.
such as gonorrhoea,
A road sign in
Chlamydia, and hepatitis B. Botswana.

Condom
A condom awareness
programme in
Argentina.

A condom prevents the

transmission of AIDS
through the sexual
contact

Such groups have helped

raise public awareness
about acquired immune
deficiency syndrome
(AIDS), which affects
millions of people
worldwide.

These are some of the

birth control devices
which prevent the
contact of the egg and
the sperm.

Many cases of HIV

transmission occurred
through contaminated
blood and transfusions
which is prevented by
screening and heat
procedures.

HIV-infected mothers should

avoid breast-feeding their
infant if replacement feeding is
acceptable, feasible, affordable,
sustainable and safe

Awareness
Campaigns
In 1990, HIV-infected
individuals were
included in the
Americans with
Disabilities Act so
that it became illegal
to discriminate
against such
individuals for jobs,
housing, and other
social benefits.
Sex education is now
started in some
schools to promote

The AIDS quilt travels on display

to promote public awareness of
AIDS Each panel is individually
designed and is dedicated to the
memory of someone who has
died of AIDS.

Famous celebrities engaged in AIDS

Awareness

Magic
Johnson

Princess Diana

Bill Clinton

I'm

going to beat it and I'm going to

have fun.
- "Magic" Johnson- referring to his HIV-positive
status.

ThankYouMade byParamdeep
Singh

BibliographyGoogle Images
Wikipedia.com
Avert.org
Encarta Encyclopedia
Unaids.org