TRANSFORMADASDEFOURIER

f (x) = aj
1
aj =
L

e
i

j =
b
2
i
jx
L

e
a

2
jx
ba

1
f(x)dx =
L

L
2

2
jx
L

L
2

2 2
2
; aj =
f
j
k=
j
L
L
L

L
L

f
j =
aj f ( k) =
a Lk
L
2
2 2

f (x)dx

f (x) = aj
j =

1
=
2

2
i
jx
ba

f
K j

L
j =

L
1
f (x) =
2
1

f (k) =
2

f (k) ikxdk
e

f (x)e

ikx

dx

e
i

2
jx
L

2
K
L

f (k) ikxdk
e

f (k) =
2

1
1

f (x) =
2
2

f (x)e

ikx

dx

ikx'
ikx

f(x' )e dx' e dk

1
f (x) = dx' f (x')
2

ik(x x')

dk
e

1
f (x) =
2

(xx)

(xx)

ikx

e
Ortogonalidad
de las funciones

ikx

ik' x

ikx
ik' x
1
' k) x
e , e = e i(k
e
dx
dx
=(k'

k)
=(kk')
=(k' k) =(kk')
e

2
2
2 2

it
e ,
2

'
e =(' ) =( ' )
2
i t

k
x t

Ejemplos:

1.Ondaplana: f (t) =

i0t

f (x) =e

ik0 x

f () 1
= 2 i(
1

i
i tt 0 )
0t

f ()
() =
f(t)e
dt
dt=
e
e

2
2

0 , t <0

i( 0 )t

dt

2.Funcinpulso: f (t) =1 , 0 t T
f() = 2 (0 )
0 , T <t

f () =
2

f(t)e

it

1
dt =
2

it

dt

T
1 sen(T)
1
i

iT

f () =
(e 1) Re[ f ()] =
2
T
2


T
0 , t <
2

T
T

f (t) = 1 , t

2
2

T
0 , <t

f () =
2

T
2

it

f () =
2

f (t)e

T
1 i i T
i
dt =
e 2 e 2

T
T
sen(

)
sen(

)
2
T
2
2

f () =
=
2

2 T
2

it

dt


T
0 , t <
2

T
T
f (t) =1 , t

2
2

T
0
,
<t

T
sen(

)
T
2

f () =
2 T
2
T
2

T
2

2
T


T
0 , t <
2

T
T
f (t) =1 , t

2
2

T
0
,
<t

T
sen(

)
T
2

f () =
2 T
2
T

f (t) =1 f () =
2

it

dt = 2 ()

3.Funcincoseno:

f () =
2

f (t) =cos(0t)
1

f () =
2

cos( t)e

it

f() =

1
2 2

(e

f (t)e

it

dt

1
dt =
2

i( 0 )t

i0 t

+e

i(+ 0 )t

)dt

f () =
[( 0 ) +( +0 )]
2 2

f () = [( 0 ) +( +0 )]
2

+e
2

i 0t

it

)e

dt

TransformadasdeFourierdefuncionespares,f(t)=f(t):
0

it

it
1
it

f(t)e dt+ f (t) e dt

=
f () =
f(t)
dt
e

2
2
0

1
1
it

it
i
t

it
ff(t)

f() =
dt+
f
(t)
dt
=
(t)
+
dt
(
)
e
e
e
e

2
2
0

f () =
f(t)cos(t)dt

TransformadasdeFourierdefuncionesimpares,f(t)=f(t):
0

it

it
1
it

f(t)e dt+ f (t) e dt

=
f () =
f(t)
dt
e

2
2
0

1
1
it
it
it

it
ff(t)

f() =
dt+
f
(t)
dt
=
(t)
+
dt
(
)
e
e

2
2
00

f () =i
f(t)sen(t)dt

PropiedadesdelastransformadasdeFourier:
1.Linealidad:

f (t) f ()
F .T .
() +g()

f(t)
+g(t)

f
F .T .
()
g(t)
g

F .T .

F .T .

f (t) f () (a +ib) f (t) (a+ib) f()

F .T .

*
*

f
(t)
=f
(t)

f
(

)
=
f
()
2.:

Re
f
()
=Re
[
]
[ f ()]

Im
f
()
=Im
]
[ f ()]
[

PropiedadesdelastransformadasdeFourier:

3.: f (0) =
2
1
f (0) =
2

f (t)dt

()d
f

()d
4.IdentidaddeParseval: f (t)g(t)dt = f () g
*

1
1

it
i
'
t
*
()

dt=
f
d
g
('
)
d
'
2
e
e
2f (t)
=g(t) f(t)
22

dt = f () d

i
(

'
t)
(' dt

= d
f () d' g(')TeoremadeRayleigh
)
e
2

PropiedadesdelastransformadasdeFourier:
ia
F .T.

5.: f (t) f () f(t +a) e f ()

F .T .

f (t +a) =g(t)

1
g() =
2
1
g() =
2

g(t)e

it

f(u)e

1
dt =
2

i(ua )

f(t +a)e

it

du = e f(u) e
2
ia

g() =e f()
ia

dt

iu

du

Teoremadeconvolucin:
Sedefinelaintegraldeconvolucindedosfuncionesf(t)yg(t)
delsiguientemodo:

1
( f g)(t) =
2

f(u)g(t u)du

1
i
u
i'(t
u)
()

2 ( f g)(t) = du
f
d
g
(')
d'
e
e
2
2

i't
1
i
(')u

= d f () d' g(') e
du
e

1
it it

( f)(t)
g=
)(t) =
df ()
f ()g()
g()eed
(2
f g
2

( f g)() =
2
1
2 ( fg)() = d'
2

(')g( ')d'
f

1
i't

f
(t)
dt
e

= dt f (t) du g(u)

iu

g(u)e

i (')u

1 i' (tu)

d'
tu
e
2

1
1
it
it
it

2
g)()
dt
f(t)
g(t)
f
gf )
()
==f(t)g(t)
f(t)g(t)
dt
dt
f
g = fg
(=
e
( f g)(()
e
e

2 2

du

Ejemplodeaplicacindelteoremadeconvolucin:
CalcularlatransformadadeFourierdelasiguientefuncin:

T
,t >

0
2
f (t) =
cos( t) , t <T
0

f () =
2

T
2

cos( t)e

f() =

it

1
2 2

f () =
2

1
dt=
2

T
2

(e

i (0 )t

T
2

i0t

f (t)e

it

+e
2

+e

i(+ 0 )t

i 0t

)dt

T
i (+0 )t 2

i ( 0 )t

1 i e

f () =
+ie
2 2 0
+0

dt

it

)e

dt

f () =
2 2

i(2i)

T i(2i)
T

sen(
sen(
0 ) +
+0 )

2 +0
2
0

T
T

sen(
0 ) sen(
+0 )

1 T

2
2

f () =
+
T
2 2 ( ) T
( +0 )
0

2
2


T
,t >

0
2
f (t) =
cos( t) , t <T
0

0
h(t) =
1

T
,t >
2
T
,t <
2

T
sen(
)
T
2
h() =
2 T
2

f (t) =h(t)g(t)

g(t) =cos(0t)

g() =

[( 0 ) +( +0 )]
2

f =hg=hg

(h g)() =
2

(h g)() =
2

h(t)g(t)

it

dt

(' )g( ')d' =

h

' )
1
T sen(
2
=
[( ' 0 ) +( ' +0 )]d'

T
2 2 '
2
2

T
T

sen(
)
sen(
+
)

0
0
1 T

2
2

f () =(h g)() =
+
T
2 2 ( ) T
( +0 )
0

2
2

Ejercicios:
1. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin seno:

f(t) = sen(0t)
2. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:

f(t) = e-a|t| ; (a>0)

3. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la (t):
4. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:
t

e a , t >0
f (t) =
; (a >0)

0 , t <0

Ejercicios:
1. Encontrar la transformada de Fourierde la funcin seno:

f (t) =sen(
0t)
1

f () =
2

f () =
2

sen( t)e

it

f (t)e

it

dt

1
dt =
2

i0 t

e
2i

i 0t

1
i (0 )t
i( + 0 )t
e
(e
)dt

2i 2
2

f () =
[( 0 ) ( +0 )]
2i 2

f() =

f () =i
[( +0 ) ( 0 )]
2

it

)e

dt

2. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:

f (t) =e

a t

f () =
2

; (a >0) f () =
2

e e

a t

it

2
dt =
2

at

f (t)e

it

dt

cos(0t)dt

2
at

at

cos(

t)

at

at

at
1

sen(

t)

at
at
e
0
00
e
0 0
0
0

sen(cos(
=

0t)dt
+
sen(
cos(
0t)dt
0t)dt
==

t)dt
e
e

0 e cos(0t)dt =aa

a
aa
a
a 0

a
0a 2

a
0
0
0a
0
f() =
2
2
u =cos(0t)1; du=
u
=sen(
0a
sen(
+

t)
t)
;
0t)
0 0 0 du=0 cos(

at
at
a
at
at
at
a; v= edv=
e
dv=
dt
dt
;
v=
=
cos(

t)dt
=
e
e
0
0 e
0 2a a2 +20 a
1+
a

3. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la (t):

f (t) =(t) f () =
2
1

f () =
2

(t) e

it

1
dt =
2

f () =
2

f (t)e

it

dt

4. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:

t

e a , t >0
1

f (t) =
;(a >0) f () =

2
0 , t <0

f () =
2

e e

it

1
dt =
2

+i t
a

f (t)e

dt

1a +i t
1
a
1
1ia
1 e

=
f () =
1
1

2 1+ia
2
+i 1ia
+i
a
0
a

f () =
2

a
a2

2 2 i
2 2
1+ a
1+ a

it

dt

5. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:

t
e a cos( t) , t >0
0
f (t) =

t,<0
0

(a>0)

6. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:

h(1at ) , t > a
f (t) =
1
0
t, <

7. Usando el teorema de Rayleigh, calcular:

sen2 t
dt
2

(h,a >0)

5. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:

t
e a cos( t) , t >0
0
f (t) =

t,<0
0

(a>0)

f (t) =h(t)g(t)
t
2

e a , t >0
2
a
a
F.T .

h(t) =
;(a >0) h() = 2 1+2a2 i 1+2a2

0 , t <0

g(t) =cos(0t)

F.T .

g() =

[( 0 ) +( +0 )]
2

f =hg=hg

(h g)() =
2

(h g)() =
2

1
=
2 2

2
2

h(t)g(t)

it

dt

(' )g( ')d' =

h

a
' a2

[( ' 0 ) +( ' +0 )]d'

2 2 i
2 2
1+' a
1+' a 2

2
( )a2

a
a
(

)a
0
0

2 2 +
2 2 i
2 2 +
2 2
1+( 0 ) a 1+( +0) a
1+( 0 ) a 1+( 0 ) a

1
=
2

f()

6. Encontrar la transformada de Fourier de la funcin:

h(1at ) , t > a
f (t) =
1
0
t, <

f () =
2

f(t)e

it

1
a

(h,a >0)

2
dt =
f(t)cos(t)dt

2
=
h(1at)cos(t)dt

0
1
1

a
a

=h
cos(

t)dta
tcos(

t)dt

0
0

1
a

1
a

1
a

tsen(
t)
sen(t)
tcos(t)dt = 0 dt
0
0
u =t ; du=dt
dv=cos(t)dt ; v=

sen(
t)

1
sen( ) cos(
)
1
cos(
t) a
a
a
a
tcos(t)dt = + 22 0
0

1cos(
)

h 2 cos( a) 1

f () = 2
2
a

f () =h a (a) 2

a
1
a

7. Usando el teorema de Rayleigh, calcular:

Rayleigh

sen
2
sen t

= 2 d = f () d = f (t) dt
dt
2

T
0 , t <
T
2

sen( )

T
T
T
2
f (t) =1 , t

f () =
T

2
2
2
2

sen t

T
0 , <t
dt=
2

2
t

TT

T
T

1
0, t, >
t >1
>
sen(
sen(

)
)
0

2
sen 22

T
2
2

=
ff
(t)f ()
dt
==
dt =
ff((tt))=
=
()
f
=
()
=
T
2
, t 1T
TT
2

1
1
,
t

,
t

T2 2 2
22