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Documentos de Profesional
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Artificial
Active
Natural
Passive
Passive
Active
Toxoid
Homologous
Subclinical
Infection
Live Vacc
Heterologous
Clinical
Infection
Killed vacc
Transplacental
IMMUNITY
Immunity refers to the ability of the human body
to resist disease agents and their toxins
through possession of antibodies.
Ab Titre
20
40
60
(i)
B. CELLULAR IMMUNITY:
Another way of establishing host resistance is through
T-lymphocytes.
These cells synthesize and release pharmacologically
active substances ("lymphokines") which can kill
cells carrying foreign Ags.
T-lymphocytes also act against the invader by
stimulation of macrophages.
This activity of the immune system is known as cell
mediated immunity. The peak of activity occurs
around the tenth day.
IMMUNIZATION
In
1979G/1399H
the
vaccination
against
certain
completed
the
recommended
primary
BCG, HBV
6 weeks
DTP, OPV,
HBV
3 months
DTP, OPV
5 months
DTP, OPV
6 months
HBV, Measles
12 months
MMR
18 months
DTP, OPV
4-6 years
DTP, OPV
Table (2): Recent schedule for Vaccination of Newborns in Saudi Arabia.( Jan. 2002-Jan.2008)
Visit No.
Age
Vaccines **(dose)
First
At birth
BCG
HBV(1)
Second
At two months
Third
At four months
DPT(2)
OPV(2)
Hib(2)
Fourth
Fifth
End of 12 months
MMR(1)
Sixth
End of 18 months
DPT (Booster1)
OPV (Booster1)
Hib (Booster1)
Seventh
DPT (Booster2)
OPVBooster2)
MMR (Booster2)
DPT(1)
OPV(1)
Hib(1)
HBV
DPT(3)
OPV(3)
Hib(3)
HBV(3)
The DPT + Hib vaccine is a tetraimmune adjuvant vaccine that has been introduced
for the first time in Saudi Arabia in 2002 and is given in one injectable dose.
*
Table (3): Recent schedule for Vaccination of Newborns in Saudi Arabia. Starting January 2008.
Age at visit
Vaccines
At birth
BCG
HepB
2 - Months
IPV
[ DTP, HepB , Hib ]
4 - Months
OPV
[ DTP, HepB, Hib ]
6 - Months
OPV,
[ DTP, HepB , Hib ]
9 - Months
Measles ( mono )
12 - Months
OPV ,MMR
Varicella
18 - Months
OPV
DTP, Hib
Hepatitis (A)
24 - Months
4 - 6 Years
Hepatitis (A)
OPV,DTP, MMR, Varicella.
Type
Route
BCG
Live Bacteria
Intradermal
(preferred)
subcutaneous
DTP
D&T = Toxoids
Intramuscular
or
P = inactivated bacteria
Hepatitis B(HBV)
Intramuscular
Haemophilus
Influenza b
(Hib)
Polysaccharide
Intramuscular
MMR
Subcutaneous
OPV
Oral
BCG =
Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccine (tuberculosis).
DPT =
Diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccine.
MMR =
Live measles, mumps and rubella viruses in a combined vaccine.
OPV = Oral Poliovirus vaccines containing attenuated poliovirus types 1,2 and 3.
in
the
best
circumstances,
vaccines
The End
Thank You