+

R
3

LED
1

R
1

555
tim
er
+

C
1

R
2

M E N T E R J E M A H LU K I S A N
S K E M AT I K K E PA DA LU K I S A N
B E R G A M B A R DA N M E M B U AT
PROJEK
Oleh :
Krysaid

Circuit
Symbols

Circuit Symbols
Wires and connections

Wire

Wiresjoined

Wiresnotjoined

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Circuit Symbols
Power Supplies
Battery
+

Cell

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

DC supply

Circuit Symbols
Power Supplies
AC supply

~
Fuse

Earth
(Groun
d)
Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Circuit Symbols
Switches
Push-toBreak
Switch

Push
Switch
(push-tomake)

On-Off
Switch
(SPST)

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

2-way
Switch/Onon
(SPDT)

Circuit Symbols
Switches

2-way
Switch/Onon
(SPDT)
CO
M

NC

NO

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Circuit Symbols
Resistors
Resistor

Rheostat Potentiometer

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Preset

Circuit Symbols
Capacitors
Capacitor

Capacit
or,
polarise
+ d

Variabl
e
Capacit
or

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Trimme
r
Capacit
or

Circuit Symbols
Diodes
LED
Zener Diode
LightEmitting
Diode

Diode

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Photodiode

Circuit Symbols
Meters

Digital Multimeter
Analogue Multimete

Voltmeter

Ammeter

Ohmmeter

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Galvanometer

Circuit Symbols
Output Devices
Lamp
(lighting)

Lamp
(indicator)
Motor

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Buzzer

Circuit Symbols
Audio
Microphone

Earphone

Loudspeaker
Amplifier
(generalsy
mbol)

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Circuit Symbols
Transistors
TransistorNPN

TransistorPNP
Phototransistor

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Circuit Symbols
Sensors (input devices)
LDR
Light Dependent Resistor

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

Thermistor

Circuit Symbols
Integrated Circuits (Chips)
IC 555
Timer IC

IC M66T
IC 741
Melody ICOperational Amplifier

8
7

2
1

3
5
2 1

Copyright All Right Reserved 2009 : kry... Studio

3
4

Circuit
Diagrams

Examples of Circuit
symbols

Cell

Switch

Resist
or

LED

Capacito Wires
r
Not
Joined

Wires
Joined

Drawing circuit
diagrams
6V

6V

The electronics way

The science way

( + at the top )

( battery at the top )

S1
1M

LED
1

33k

4
2 8
555
6 time 3
r
7
1

100k

9V
470

220
F
LED
2

0.1
F

Circuit
Diagram

S1

1M
LED
1
+
LED
2+

X
33k
1
2

Bleeper 0.1
F

470

3
4

55
5 X
X
X
X

100k

8
7

9V

6
5

220
F

Component
Layout

Verobod

Placing components on
Verobod

component
verobod
Copper tracks

Copper tracks
verobod
component

Designing a Verobod
Layout

Tips:

Arus bergerak secara mendatar

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Projek:

Letakkan [ IC ] di tengah verobod,

kemudian tandakan laluan[track]
punca positif [atas] dan negatif
[bawah],
Putuskan track di antara pin IC dan
tandakan [ X ] pada gambarajah IC.
Gunakan saiz grid sebenar verobod di
sebelah kiri untuk memeriksa jarak
komponen.
Sentiasa utamakan keselamatan.

Saiz grid sebenar verobod. Jarak lubang 0.1"

(2.54mm)

LUKISAN BERGAMBAR [litar verobod]

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Aspek:
Disediakan
oleh:
Tarikh:
Catatan:

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[78/02] 2009 Hakcipta Krysaid@yahoo.com.my

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