Está en la página 1de 36

Chapter 3

Solid Waste Handling

Solid Waste Handling

S/W generation rates


Waste handling, separation & process at source
Collection of S/W
Separation & Processing
Transfer & Transport

Waste Generation

Solid Waste Generation Rates

Why is it important to know ??


compliance with federal and state waste diversion
programs
selecting specific equipments for treatment and
management
designing of waste collection routes
identifying materials recovery facilities
planning for disposal facilities

Estimation of waste quantities

Methods used are based on gathered data by conducting


waste characterization study or using previous data;
Load-count analysis number of individuals loads and
corresponding waste characterization
Weight-volume analysis but there are no study objective
information
Material balance analysis the best way/ method

Sample calculation - Load count analysis

Estimate the unit waste generation rate per week for


a residential area consisting of 1430 homes. The
observation location is a local transfer station that
receives all the wastes collected for disposal. The
observation period was two weeks. Determine the unit
waste collection rate based on the assumption that
each household is comprised of 3.5 people.
Given data as follows:

Data:
Number of compactor truck loads

=9

Specific weight of compactor truck

= 500 lb/yd3

Average size of compactor truck

= 25 yd3

Number of flatbed loads

=7

Average flatbed volume

= 3 yd3

Specific weight of flatbed truck

= 225 lb/yd3

No. of loads from individuals private trucks = 22


Specific weight of individuals truck

= 150 lb/yd3

Estimated volume per domestic vehicle

= 9 ft3

1 ft3 = 0.03704 yd3

Material Balance

Outflow (combustion gasses


and ashes)

Inflow
(materials)

Stored materials
(raw materials,
products, solid waste)

Outflow
(materials)
Outflow
(products)

Outflow
(solid waste and solid
in water)

Accumulation = inflow outflow - generation

Example question:

A cannery receives on a given day 12 tons of raw produce, 5


tons of cans, 0.5 tons of cartons and 0.3 tons of
miscellaneous materials. Of the 12 tons of raw produce, 10
tons becomes processed products, 1.2 tons end up as
produce waste, which is fed to cattle, and the remainder is
discharged with the wastewater from the plant. Four tons of
the cans are stored internally for future use, and the
remainder is used to package the product. About 3 percent
of the cans used are damaged. Stored separately, the
damaged cans are recycled.

continued..

10

The cartons are used for packaging the canned


product, except for 5 percent that are damaged and
subsequently for recycling. Of the miscellaneous
materials, 25 percent is stored internally for future
use; 50 percent becomes waste paper, of which 35
percent is separated for recycling with the remainder
being discharged as mixed waste; and 25 percent
become a mixture of solid waste materials.

continued..

11

Assume the materials separated for recycling and


disposals are collected daily. Prepare a materials
balance for the cannery on this day and a material
balance flow diagram, accounting for all of the
materials.

Waste Handling
Solid Waste Engineering

Waste Handling

13

Waste handling in buildings can be divided to


residential dwellings and commercial and
industrial facilities.

Waste Handling

14

Residential dwelling can be categories into:


Low-and Medium-rise Apartments
High-Rise Apartment
Commercial and industrial depends on:
location of available space for large containers
service access conditions
stationary compactors

Low-and Medium-Rise Apartments

15

Basement storage or curbside collection


owner provide area for storage of solid waste, containers
for recycling are located at the next nearest solid waste
collection area.

Low-and Medium-Rise Apartments


16

Outdoor storage and mechanical collection


the containers used for recycling are located within
the area, large waste storage container are located
outdoors in special closures and are emptied
mechanically using collection vehicles equipped with
unloading mechanical.

High-Rise Apartments

17

Waste are picked-up by building maintenance/


porters from the various floors and taken to the
basement or to the service area.
Wastes are taken to the basement or service area by
tenants.
Wastes are bagged, are placed by tenants in vertical
chutes; waste discharge in chutes are collected in
large containers, compacted or baled directly.

Picture of typical chute

Isometric view of
individual floor
chute openings for
the discharge of
waste materials in
high-rise
apartment
building

18

Typical
compactor
used in
conjunction
with waste
chutes in
large
apartment
buildings

Start of
compaction cycle

Loading of
compaction
chamber

Compaction into
container

19

Layout of underground pneumatic transport


system for high-rise apartment buildings

20

Typical underground pneumatic transport


system for high-rise apartment buildings

21

Commercial Facilities
Accumulated in individual offices or work location
Collected in large containers
Large storage containers / stationary compactors /
compactors and other processing equipment.

22

Storage of Solid Waste at Source

23

Factors to be considered in the onsite storage of


solid wastes includes:
the effects of storage on the waste
components
type of containers to be used
location of the containers
public health and aesthetics

Effects of Storage on Waste


Components
Biological decomposition
Absorption of fluids
Contamination of waste components

24

Absorption of Fluids

25

The moisture content inside solid waste will


cause re-equilibrium as wastes are stored in
containers.

The degree of absorption depends on the time


the wastes are stored.

Contamination of waste
components

26

Most serious, major effect, reduce the value of


individual components.
However, beneficial with respect to the disposal in
landfill.

Types of Containers
The types and capacities depend on:
Characteristic of waste
Types of waste
Types of collection system
Frequency of collection
Available space for the container

27

Typical compaction facilities used for waste


management in commercial establishments

28

Processing of Solid Wastes at


Residential Dwellings

29

Waste processing at residential stage


can help to:
Reduce volume
Recover useable materials
Alter the physical form of solid waste

Common onsite processing


Onsite processing operations used at low-rise
detached residential dwellings include:
Food waste grinding
Component separation
Compaction
Incineration
Composting
Combustion

30

Example problem: Impact of home


separation of waste to energy content

31

Estimate the energy content in Btu/lb of the remaining


solid wastes if 60% of the paper and 90% of cardboard
are separated by the homeowner.
Solution:
Using computational table from example energy content;

Typical
compactor
used in
conjunction
with waste
chutes in
large
apartment
buildings

Start of
compaction cycle

Loading of
compaction
chamber

Compaction into
container

32

Example problem: Impact of home


compactors on volume of collected solid
waste

33

Estimate the volume reduction that could be


achieved in the solid waste collected if the
compacted specific weight is equal to 540 lb/yd3 and
the given data in Table 3.4 and 4.1 are applicable.

Composting

34

As means of recycling organic materials - Produce useful


by-products
Effective way to reduce volume
Altering the physical composition of waste
Two types:
Backyard composting
Lawn Mulching

Microbiological Decomposition

35

Food and other wastes places in onsite storage


containers will almost immediately start to
undergo microbiological decomposition (often
called putrefaction)

Composting

36

También podría gustarte